RESUMO -Sequelas neurológicas não são raras após o tratamento da tuberculose do sistema nervoso central (SNC), que é longo, trabalhoso e sujeito a complicações. Vários fatores são implicados como determinantes de prognóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o tratamento e a evolução de 52 crianças com tuberculose do SNC de um hospital pediátrico terciário. A maioria dos pacientes (41 ou 78,8%) utilizou corticosteróides associados ao esquema tríplice. A ocorrência de hidrocefalia foi comum (28 de 41 testados), porém apenas 8 (15,4%) necessitaram de derivação liquórica. Hiponatremia ocorreu em um terço dos casos testados. Hepatotoxicidade ao esquema tríplice aconteceu em 32 casos (61,5%), porém apenas 3 (9,4%) necessitaram de substituição destas drogas. Ocorreram 8 (15,4%) óbitos e 24 (46,1%) casos desenvolveram sequelas ao fim do tratamento. Houve tendência de pior prognóstico entre os pacientes que não usaram corticosteróides e os que apresentavam doença avançada ao diagnóstico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tuberculose, meningoencefalite, sistema nervoso central, crianças, tratamento, evolução.Central nervous system tuberculosis in children: 2. Treatment and outcome ABSTRACT -Neurologic damage is usual after central nervous system (CSN) tuberculosis recovery. Treatment is long, difficult and prone to complications. Many factors are enrolled as prognostic determinants. This study aimed to describe the treatment and outcome of 52 children with CNS tuberculosis of a tertiary pediatric hospital. All of them received standard triple drug regimen, and 41 (78.8%) received corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy. Hydrocephalus was common (28 of 41 tested), but only 8 (15.4%) patients underwent ventricular shunt surgery. Hepatotoxicity to anti tuberculosis drugs occurred in 32 (61.5%) cases, but in only 3 (9.4%) drug substitution was necessary. There were 8 (15.4%) deaths and 24 (46.1%) cases developed neurologic damage after therapy. Patients who did not receive steroids during treatment and those with advanced neurological involvement at diagnosis showed a tendency to worse prognosis. O acometimento do sistema nervoso central (SNC) é uma das formas mais temidas da tuberculose na infância, pela morbi-mortalidade que costuma causar. O comprometimento neurológico, quando não fatal, costuma deixar sequelas de grau variável, que se manifestam como déficits motores, retardo do desenvolvimento ou demência mental, síndromes convulsivas e hidrocefalia 1 . O tratamento da criança com tuberculose do SNC baseia-se no uso do esquema tríplice associado a corticosteróides. Complicações, tais como hidrocefalia com hipertensão intracraniana, distúrbios metabólicos e efeitos adversos às próprias drogas do esquema tríplice, podem interferir negativamente no prognóstico quando não corrigidas em tempo. O aumento da pressão intracraniana, além de levar risco à vida do paciente, prejudica o aporte de drogas ao tecido nervoso 2,3 . Cirurgias de derivação ventricular são por vezes necessárias para o alívio da hidrocefalia. Dentre os distúrbios metabólic...
Tuberculosis still occupies a remarkable place as a worldwide health problem, chiefly in emerging countries, like Brazil. The central nervous system (CNS) involvement by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most feared features of disease, because of its high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to describe some epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial aspects of 52 children in a tertiary pediatric hospital with CNS tuberculosis. At diagnosis, the majority of patients showed low age, compromised nutritional status, previous contact with bacillary individuals, delayed or absent immunization, advanced neurological signs and compatible abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and in radiological findings. The etiologic agent was identified by staining methods or CSF and other fluids culturing in 40% of patients. In most cases, despite of suggestive clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial picture and feasibility of patients access to health care centres, therapy was started late.
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