RESUMOO estudo dos efeitos do vigor das sementes sobre os estádios iniciais do desenvolvimento das plântulas de soja é importante, já que compreendem o período de estabelecimento da cultura. Sementes de baixo vigor podem provocar reduções na velocidade de emergência e na produção de biomassa seca de plântulas, podendo afetar o estabelecimento da cultura. Este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar os componentes químicos e avaliar a capacidade de mobilização de reservas, na germinação de sementes de soja de alto e baixo vigor. Foram utilizadas três cultivares: BRS 243RR, BRS 246RR e CD 219RR. A caracterização do vigor foi por meio do teste de envelhecimento acelerado. Para determinação da composição química das sementes, foram quantificados os teores de proteínas, amido e açúcar solúvel, além da atividade da isoenzima alfa amilase. A capacidade de mobilização das reservas na germinação foi avaliada por meio da massa seca e do comprimento das plântulas. De acordo com os resultados desse trabalho, em sementes mais vigorosas há maiores conteúdos de proteínas solúveis, amido e açúcares solúveis, bem como maior capacidade de mobilização de reservas na germinação, resultando em plântulas de soja com melhor desempenho inicial. Palavras-chave:Glycine max, proteínas, açúcares, massa seca. ABSTRACT CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND RESERVE MOBILIZATION IN SOYBEAN SEEDS WITH HIGH AND LOW VIGORThe study of vigour effect on the initial stages of soybean seeds development is important, once it includes the period of crop establishment. Seeds with low vigour may result in reduction of emergence rate and dry matter production, which may affect the crop establishment. The aims of this study were to quantify chemical components and to evaluate the capacity of seed reserve mobilization in germination of soybean seeds with high and low vigour. Three cultivars, BRS 243RR, BRS 246RR and CD 219RR were studied. The characterization of seed vigour was performed by the accelerated aging test. To determine seed chemical composition, soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein were quantified; in addition alpha amylase isoenzyme activity was also evaluated. The capacity of seed reserve mobilization during germination was evaluated by seedling dry matter and length. According to the results of this study, high vigour soybean seeds exhibit higher content of soluble proteins, starch and soluble sugars. Besides, they showed higher capacity of seed reserve mobilization during germination, resulting in a better performance for seedlings development.
-The objective was to assess the early treatment effect of soybean seeds and pre-sowing with different combinations of chemicals on the establishment of plants and crop yield performance. The design was in randomized blocks in a 2x7 factorial arrangement, with two times for seed treatment and seven treatments (six chemical treatments and an untreated control). The treatments were: 1) fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl; 2) imidacloprid + thiodicarb + carbendazin + thiram; 3) abamectin + thiamethoxam + fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole; 4) carbendazin + thiram; 5) fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole; 6) carboxin + thiram; and 7) untreated control (water only). The assessments were: seedling emergence, final stand, plant height and insertion of first pod, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and per plant, thousand-seed weight and grain yield. Early treatment of soybean seeds (240 days prior to sowing) hinders the establishment of the crop, the thousand-seed weight and grain yield in relation to the pre-sowing treatment. Chemical treatments tested containing fungicides and insecticides associated favor the establishment of the crop, but do not alter the soybean yield performance.Index terms: Glycine max (L.) Merrill, fungicides, insecticides, seedling emergence, grain yield.Épocas de tratamento de sementes no estabelecimento e desempenho produtivo da cultura da soja RESUMO -O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes de soja antecipado e em pré-semeadura com diferentes combinações de produtos químicos, sobre o estabelecimento de plantas e desempenho produtivo da cultura. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x7, sendo, duas épocas de tratamento de sementes e sete tratamentos (seis tratamentos químicos e uma testemunha sem tratamento). Os tratamentos foram: 1) fipronil + piraclostrobina + tiofanato metílico; 2) imidacloprido + tiodicarbe + carbendazin + thiram; 3) abamectina + tiametoxan + fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole; 4) carbendazin + thiram; 5) fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole; 6) carboxin + thiram; e 7) testemunha sem tratamento (somente água). As avaliações foram: emergência de plântulas, estande final, altura de plantas e inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens por planta, sementes por vagens e por planta, massa de mil sementes e produtividade de grãos. O tratamento de sementes de soja antecipado (240 dias antes da semeadura) prejudica o estabelecimento da cultura, a massa de mil sementes e a produtividade de grãos, em relação ao tratamento em pré-semeadura. Os tratamentos químicos testados contendo fungicidas e inseticidas associados favorecem o estabelecimento da cultura, porém não alteram o desempenho produtivo da soja.Termos para indexação: Glycine max (L.) Merrill, fungicidas, inseticidas, emergência de plântulas, produtividade de grãos.
-The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different spray volumes, via industrial treatment, on the physiological quality of soybean seeds with different levels of vigor. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factor scheme, with four replications. Factors consisted in two levels of seed vigor (high and low) and five spray volumes (0, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mL. 100 kg -1 ). Products used to obtain the volumes were: fungicide (carbendazin + thiram); insecticide (imidacloprid + thiodicarb); nematicide (abamectin); micronutrients (cobalt, molybdenum and zinc); polymer (peridiam); biostimulants (kinetin + gibberellic acid) and inoculum (Bradyrhizobium japonicum). The used cultivars were BRS 360 RR and BRS 1010 IPRO. The physiological seed quality was determined by the following evaluations: germination, first count of the germination test, seedling emergence in sand, emergency speed index, total length of shoot and root of the seedlings. In the different spray volumes, high vigor soybean seeds have higher physiological quality than low vigor seeds. The increased spray volumes in seed treatments reduce the physiological quality of low vigor soybean seeds.
-This study aimed at evaluating the relationship among lignin content in the seed coat of soybean seeds with tolerance to weathering damage and oxidative stress. Four soybean cultivars (CD 208, CD 215, CD 202 and BRS 184), with lignin contents in the seed coat of 4.2, 2.6, 2.0 and 1.7%, respectively, were used. Seeds were subjected to deterioration by moisture, through artificially simulated rains. Pods of all cultivars were subjected to irrigation by constant sprinkling during 4 hours, and then dried in oven, set at 35 °C, for 37 hours; repeating twice such procedure. After these treatments seeds were subjected to tests and then compared to the control. Tests performed were: germination, accelerated aging and tetrazolium test; thereby quantifying the occurrence of damages by weathering damage. The activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase was measured; and the lipid peroxidation was assessed. Soybean cultivars CD 208 and CD 215, with higher lignin content in the seed coat, were less susceptible to weathering damage. Seeds of cultivar CD 208 have also presented lower oxidative stress, when subjected to weathering damage stress.Index terms: Glycine max. L, field deterioration, seed quality.Suscetibilidade à deterioração por umidade e ao estresse oxidativo em sementes de soja com variação no conteúdo de lignina no tegumento RESUMO -O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o teor de lignina no tegumento de sementes de soja com tolerância à deterioração por umidade e ao estresse oxidativo. Foram utilizadas quatro cultivares de soja: CD 208, CD 215, CD 202 e BRS 184, com teores de lignina no tegumento de 4,2; 2,6; 2,0 e 1,7%, respectivamente. As sementes foram submetidas a uma deterioração por umidade através de chuvas simuladas (4 horas), e, posteriormente, secas em estufa (35 °C), por 37 horas, totalizando dois ciclos de umedecimento e secagem. Foram realizados os testes: germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e teste de tetrazólio. Foi medida a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes: Superóxido Dismutase e Guaiacol Peroxidase; e a peroxidação lipídica. As avaliações foram realizadas no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4, com quatro repetições. As cultivares de soja CD 208 e CD 215, com maior teor de lignina no tegumento, são menos suscetíveis ao dano por umidade. As sementes da cultivar CD 208 também apresentaram menor estresse oxidativo, quando submetidas a deterioração por umidade.Termos para indexação: Glycine max. L, deterioração em campo, qualidade de sementes.
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