-It was evaluated the effects of poultry litter treatment on moisture content, pH, density and volatilized ammonia for five consecutive flocks of broiler chicken breeding. It was used 640 birds per flock as a complete randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments were the following: 1 -non-treated litter; 2 -litter submitted to in-house composting; 3 -litter treated with aluminum sulfate; 4 -litter submitted to gypsum; 5 -litter treated with quicklime; 6 -litter treated with dolomitic limestone; 7 -litter treated with zeolite and 8 -litter treated with charcoal.
El polen de abeja (PA) puede ser un complemento nutricional para los animales, ya que mejora la eficiencia del uso de nutrientes, lo que aumenta su absorción, acelera el crecimiento de los animales y mejora su rendimiento productivo. El efecto del PA en la dieta de pollos de engorda se evaluó sobre la digestibilidad, rendimiento, mucosa intestinal y calidad de la cama. Para evaluar la digestibilidad, se utilizaron 200 aves en un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro tratamientos (0, 0.5, 1.0 y 1.5 % de inclusión de PA) y cinco repeticiones. Cuatrocientas (400) aves se utilizaron para evaluar el desempeño, la morfología de la mucosa intestinal y calidad de la cama, en un diseño completamente al azar con los cuatro tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. El polen tuvo un efecto cuadrático en la digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca y extracto etéreo y un efecto lineal sobre la retención de calcio y en el valor de la energía metabolizable aparente. La inclusión de PA no influyó (P>0.05) en el desempeño, rendimiento de la canal y las vísceras o el duodeno y el yeyuno a los 42 días, el íleon a los 21 días y la calidad de la cama hasta 21 días de edad. El PA mejoró el rendimiento del páncreas, de vellosidades, la morfología en el duodeno y el yeyuno a los 21 días, y en el íleon a los 42 días y la volatilización de amoníaco. Como conclusión, incluyendo 1.5% de polen de abeja mejora la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y la morfología intestinal, pero no el comportamiento productivo.
Endereço para correspondência: Maria Cristina de Oliveira -cristina@fesurv.br. R RE ES SU UM MO OAvaliou-se o efeito de níveis de fósforo não-fítico (FNF) e fitase sobre a morfometria e a densidade de tíbia de frangos. Foram utilizadas 1200 aves em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 (níveis de FNF x níveis de fitase), com quatro repetições. Os níveis de FNF, em cada fase, foram 0,45; 0,37; 0,29 e 0,21% na fase inicial; 0,41; 0,33; 0,25 e 0,17% na de crescimento e 0,37; 0,29; 0,21 e 0,13% na final. Os níveis de fitase foram 0, 500 e 1000 UFT/kg de ração. Não houve efeito sobre diâmetro das tíbias aos 21 dias. Tíbias com menor peso, comprimento e densidade de diáfise, epífise distal e média, e densidade de epífise proximal resultaram da redução do FNF de 0,37 para 0,29% e de 0,29 para 0,21%, respectivamente. A inclusão de 500 UFT/kg de ração melhorou o comprimento e a densidade da diáfise das tíbias, independente dos níveis de FNF. Pode-se adotar dieta FNF nas fases inicial, crescimento e final de 0,37, 0,33 e 0,29%, respectivamente, suplementadas com 1000 UFT/kg de ração, de um a 42 dias, sem comprometer a qualidade óssea. Palavras-chave: aditivos, enzimas, qualidade óssea. A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT TIt was evaluated the effect of nonphytate phosphorus (NNP) and phytase on broiler tibia. One thousand and two hundred chicks were allocated in a completely randomized design and factorial arrangement 4 x 3 (NPP x phytase levels), with four replicates. NPP levels, at each phase, were 0.45, 0.37, 0.29 and 0.21% -initial, 0.41, 0.33, 0.25 and 0.17% -growth, and 0.37, 0.29, 0.21 and 0.13% -withdrawal. Phytase levels were 0, 500 and 1000 FTU/kg of diet. There was no effect on diameter at 21 days of age. Tibia with lower weight, length and diaphysis, distal epiphysis and average densities e proximal epiphysis density resulted from NPP reduction from 0.37 to 0.29% and from 0.29 to 0.21%, respectively. Inclusion of 500 FTU/kg of phytase improved length and diaphysis density of the tibia, independent of NPP levels. Diets with NPP, at initial, growth and final phases, of 0.37, 0.33 and 0.29%, respectively, supplemented with 1000 FTU/kg of phytase, can be used with no negative effect on bone quality in broilers.
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