The notion of incommensurability has provided a rationality criterion for the development of scientific theories, as well as some insight into theories developed by students while learning science. However, the relationship between the multiple models held by students and incommensurability requires further discussion. We present the results of empirical work that investigated the multiple models of the structure of the matter held by university students and we analyze these results using the notion of incommensurability. We also point out implications in the construction of students' scientific models as they move forward in their careers.
En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre ideas previas de estudiantes del bachillerato acerca de algunos fenómenos que se explican, cualitativamente, mediante la ecuación de Bernoulli como aproximación. Para ello, a la muestra estudiada se le aplicó un cuestionario en el cual se plantearon cuatro casos concernientes a la Dinámica de Fluidos. Para evaluar las respuestas de los alumnos se construyó un criterio de evaluación, conformado por cinco categorías de clasificación, con el que se delimitaron las explicaciones dentro de las cuales se identificaron sus ideas previas. Se encontró que estas ideas intuitivas sobre la relación entre las variables presión estática y rapidez del flujo son contrarias a la expresada por la ecuación de Bernoulli.Palabras clave: Ideas previas; ecuación de Bernoulli; investigación educativa; educación media superior; enseñanza de la Física.
Conceptual difficulties in understanding the Bernoulli's equationThis paper showed the results of a previous ideas research into high school students about phenomena related with Bernoulli's equation. A questionnaire consisted of four cases based on fluid dynamics was applied to 54 students. To assess the student's responses, were build five categories of classification in which their previous ideas were identified. The results showed some of previous ideas and the relationship between static pressure and flux velocity are opposed to their meaning in Bernoulli equation.
Introducción ¿Por qué las ideas previas influyen en la enseñanza de las ciencias?Con base en sus experiencias, todo individuo puede reconocer características y construir patrones sobre lo que observa en el comportamiento de las cosas, de las personas o de sí mismo. Este cúmulo de peculiaridades identificadas de las experiencias, inmersas a la vez en un contexto cultural y/o fenomenológico determinado, conforma en el sujeto ideas previas con las cuales está en posibilidad de predecir sucesos y conductas, además de construir una perspectiva sobre la organización del mundo que le rodea al dotarle de significado (Pozo 1999).En el caso del aprendizaje de conceptos científicos, una de las dificultades para ello radica en las ideas que los estudiantes han construido y que en muchos casos son inconmensurables o insuficientes, para comprender los conceptos científicos que se les presentan en clase. Por ejemplo, cuando a un alumno se le explica cierto concepto científico (v. g. presión), trata de asociarlo con el significado que tiene de éste como manifestación de sus ideas previas (Pozo 1999).
Studies of the representations that students construct, within the framework of embodied cognition, have shown that perception, action and cognition are linked and are the basis of these representations. From this framework of analysis, this study attempted to identified the representations of 23 preschool students (ages four and five) of sound production, perception and propagation. In-depth interviews were conducted using hypothetical situations and experimental tasks. Three representations were identified. The first one shows a conception of sound centred on objects. Representation 2 also focuses on objects and their relationship with the subject, but it begins to attribute characteristics to the sound itself, and in representation 3, sound has more intrinsic characteristics that expand its possibilities of interacting with the subject and other objects. We conclude that the construction of representations of sound starts from perceptual elements and is linked to actions, although its complexity also shows that they incorporate characteristics that go beyond this corporal correlate.
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