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Monitoring agricultural crops is necessary for decision-making in the field. However, it is known that in some regions and periods, cloud cover makes this activity difficult to carry out in a systematic way throughout the phenological cycle of crops. This circumstance opens up opportunities for techniques involving radar sensors, resulting in images that are free of cloud effects. In this context, the objective of this work was to obtain a normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) cloudless product (NDVInc) by modeling Sentinel 2 NDVI using different regression techniques and the Sentinel 1 radar backscatter as input. To do this, we used four pairs of Sentinel 2 and Sentinel 1 images on coincident days, aiming to achieve the greatest range of NDVI values for agricultural crops (soybean and maize). These coincident pairs were the only ones in which the percentage of clouds was not equal to 100% for 33 central pivot areas in western Bahia, Brazil. The dataset used for NDVInc modeling was divided into two subsets: training and validation. The training and validation datasets were from the period from 24 June 2017 to 19 July 2018 (four pairs of images). The best performing model was used in a temporal analysis from 02 October 2017 to 08 August 2018, totaling 55 Sentinel 2 images and 25 Sentinel 1 images. The selection of the best regression algorithm was based on two validation methodologies: K-fold cross-validation (k = 10) and holdout. We tested four modeling approaches with eight regression algorithms. The random forest was the algorithm that presented the best statistical metrics, regardless of the validation methodology and the approach used. Therefore, this model was applied to a time series of Sentinel 1 images in order to demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the model created. We observed that the data derived from Sentinel 1 allowed us to model, with great reliability, the NDVI of agricultural crops throughout the phenological cycle, making the methodology developed in this work a relevant solution for the monitoring of various regions, regardless of cloud cover.

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RESUMO -Nos últimos anos tem sido grande o interesse pela irrigação de pastagens e pelos temas engenharia, custo de equipamento, custo de manutenção de energia elétrica, demanda de água e de energia elétrica, manejo da irrigação e fertirrigação. Tal interesse tem aumentado a demanda por informações e recomendações práticas que ajudem a esclarecer os aspectos importantes como a escolha do sistema de irrigação, a evapotranspiração potencial (ETo), o coeficiente da cultura (Kc); a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), o turno de rega (TR), a escolha de aspersores, a vazão (m 3 /h.ha), a potência (cv/ha) e os parâmetros referentes à estimativa de lâmina de irrigação tais como: capacidade de campo (Cc), ponto de murcha permanente (Pm), densidade do solo (Ds), profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular (Z), fator de disponibilidade de água do solo (f) e eficiência de aplicação (Ea). Neste contexto o presente trabalho reúne informações fundamentais para implantação e condução segura de irrigação de pastagem. As informações disponibilizadas são frutos de parcerias entre várias instituições (Universidade Federal de Viçosa -UFV, Universidade Federal de Tocantins -UFT, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce -UNIVALE e Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite -EMBRAPA), tanto em trabalhos de pesquisa e extensão, como também experiência de campo da equipe. Os objetivos desta publicação são: difundir novos conhecimentos científicos, com experiência de campo, em irrigação de pastagem e enfocar, de maneira prática e sucinta, como, quanto e quando se deve e quanto custa fertirrigar pastagens, estimulando novas observações, facilitando, assim, as decisões com um todo, potencializando a rentabilidade da pecuária de leite e de corte.Palavras-chave: aspersão, coeficiente da cultura, evapotranspiração, fertirrigação, lâmina de irrigação, sistema radicular Pasture irrigation: present and recommendations for use and managementABSTRACT -In the last years has been a great interest in the irrigation of pastures and the engineering issues, cost of equipment, cost of maintenance of electricity, demand for water and electricity, management irrigation and fertigation. This interest has increased the demand for information and practical advice to help clarify the important aspects as the choice of irrigation system, the potential evapotranspiration (ETo), the culture of coefficient (Kc), the evapotranspiration of the crop (ECc), the shift of water (SW), the selection of sprinklers, the flow (m3/h.ha), power (hp / ha) and the parameters for estimation of irrigation such as: field capacity (Fc), permanent wilting point (Pwp), bulk density (Bd), effective depth of the root system (Z) availability of soil water factor (f) and efficiency of application (EA). In this context the present work presents key information for deployment and conduct of safe irrigation of pasture togrther. The information available are fruit of partnerships between various institutions (Universidade Federal de Viçosa -UFV, Universidade Federal de Tocantins -UFT, University Vale do ...