Epileptic seizures are self-limited, lasting, in general, less than to 2 minutes. Status epilepticus (SE) is manifested by continuous or recurrent epileptic seizures without full recovery of motor, sensory and/or cognitive functions, and has multiple etiologies and a diverse prognosis. The duration of seizures in SE varies from 5 to 30 minutes, depending on the definition 1 . It is one of the most frequent neurological emergencies, with an estimated annual incidence of from 6.2 to 61/100,000 people 2,3 . SE is associated with long-term mortality that is nearly three times greater than that of the general population 4 . Indeed, despite new advances in medical treatment, short-term mortality remains high, ranging from 3 to 40%, depending on the sampling methods, age, specific etiology, or refractoriness of SE .Several studies agree that the most important factors related to mortality in SE are older age, acute symptomatic etiology such as central nervous system (CNS) infection, acute stroke, metabolic disturbances, and anoxia, and long seizure duration. Anti-epileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in previously epileptic patients is typically associated with low mortality 2,6 . For other characteristics, such as gender, history of prior epilepsy, refractory SE, adequacy of medical treatment, presence of medical complications, level of consciousness, and electroencephalographic pattern, there is no consensus in the literature 2 . A better understanding of SE prognostic factors would assist in making treatment-related decisions. AbStrActObjective: Status epilepticus (SE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and there is some controversy concerning predictive indicators of outcome. Our main goal was to determine mortality and to identify factors associated with SE prognosis. Method: This prospective study in a tertiary-care university hospital, included 105 patients with epileptic seizures lasting more than 30 minutes. Mortality was defined as death during hospital admission. Results: The case-fatality rate was 36.2%, which was higher than in previous studies. In univariate analysis, mortality was associated with age, previous epilepsy, complex focal seizures; etiology, recurrence, and refractoriness of SE; clinical complications, and focal SE. In multivariate analysis, mortality was associated only with presence of clinical complications. Conclusions: Mortality associated with SE was higher than reported in previous studies, and was not related to age, specific etiology, or SE duration. In multivariate analysis, mortality was independently related to occurrence of medical complications.Keywords: status epilepticus, epilepsy, mortality, prognosis. reSumo Objetivos: Status epilepticus (SE) está associado com morbidade e mortalidade importantes. Diversos estudos avaliaram determinantes de prognóstico relacionados com SE, havendo controvérsias neste sentido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar mortalidade no SE e seus fatores determinantes. Método: Estudo prospectivo, em Ribeirão Preto, incluiu 105 pacientes...

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with chronic insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (CIOSA) comorbidity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods: Between March 2014 and March 2015, we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of 238 adults diagnosed with OSA according to polysomnography and International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition criteria. Results: The prevalence of CIOSA was 29%. There was a trend towards older age in the CIOSA group. Sex was not associated with CIOSA. Sleep-maintenance and sleep-onset insomnia predominated in the sample. Beck's depression and anxiety inventory scores were higher in the CIOSA group. Both depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with CIOSA. The arousal and apneahypopnea indices were lower in the CIOSA group. CIOSA was also associated with age X 60 years and current tobacco use. Severe OSA and alcohol use were negatively associated with CIOSA. Conclusions: Chronic insomnia is prevalent among OSA patients. Our study highlights the need for detailed evaluation of patients with sleep breathing disorders to diagnose other important sleep and mood disorders (such as depression and anxiety), given their frequent association.

The Consensus on restless legs syndrome is an effort of neurologists from several Brazilian states, which tirelessly reviewed the literature of recent years in search of evidence, both in regard to diagnosis and treatment, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine.

We describe a case of probable sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in the setting of well-controlled HIV and discuss whether exist, in fact, HIV-related factors that may predispose to the development of prion disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third report of this association.