Clay bricks have been made since ancient periods. The higher demand for this brick fails to support the needs. This is because clay is the non-renewable materials. Therefore, new artificial cement blocks have been introduced to satisfy the fast demand in the world. However, the clay bricks are the most eco-friendly and form green environment. Thus, the government, researchers and engineers trying to introduce the clay bricks with the value addition of natural agro waste materials. In one way, these materials improve the physical properties of the clay as well as reduce the environmental pollutions. Our aim at this research was to introduce a green environment clay bricks of value-added Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) as a partial substitution. Therefore, seven different series of brick were manufactured by applying conventional method, which consists of GSA ratio 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10% of the total weight of the mixture. Each series hold seven brick of dimension (18.5 × 8.5 × 6.5) cm 3 . The clay-GSA was mixed well with the addition of sufficient water to form a good workability. These bricks were allowed to dry under sunlight for two days and then baked using the traditional method. The physical properties of the red brick were then determined and compared with Sri Lankan and British Standard Specifications. These physical properties were compared with the commercially available brick made entirely from clay, which is the control brick. From the results, clay-GSA bricks are obviously superior to the clay control-brick, those available in the Eastern region markets.A brick is one of the prime building materials made of clay and burnt in a kiln [1][2][3]. Still, this brick is manufactured locally and has been emphasized all over the world because of their easy availability and low cost. Brick has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building material, made from locally available sources, used throughout history. Usual building brick is made of a mixture of clay, which is subjected to a range of processes; differ according to with the nature of the material, the method of manufacture and the character of the ended product [1-3]. The end product is formed in moulds to the desired shape, dried and burned. Burnt brick is usually stronger than sundried brick [2], especially if it is made of clay or clayey material.The main disadvantage is the environmental impact involved in the manufacturing process of clay brick. To overcome this drawback, a challenge has been made to raise the overall efficiency of clay brick by adding other suitable materials along with clay in the manufacturing process [4][5][6][7][8]. Considering environmental impact and the efficiency, there is a need to find some alternative so as to reduce the impact of the clay brick manufacturing process on the environment [9] and at the same time increase the overall performance of the brick. This research aims to achieve both the mentioned improvements by using admixtures along with clay during the manufacturing process. Certain admixtures...
An unusual method of introducing arsenic to water with homicidal intentions, where five members of the same family were poisoned, is reported. The obvious initial diagnosis of food poisoning or food allergy was reviewed when the story of noticing an unusual substance in the well was revealed. The patients recovered fully after conventional intramuscular dimercaprol.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.