The usefulness of photoacoustic techniques in characterizing the thermal properties of kaolinite clays, which are a very abundant mineral in some regions of Brazil, was investigated. Different behavioural patterns are observed below and above a heating temperature of 950 °C and can be attributed to the change from metakaolinite to an amorphous three-dimensional mineral which crystallises to mullite and crystobalite above 1200 °C. The implications of the results in the manufacture of clay bricks are briefly considered. This is important in tropical regions where a knowledge of the thermal properties of materials used in the building construction industry is highly desirable.
Este trabalho apresenta resultados sobre durabilidade de artefatos cerâmicos vermelhos incorporados com resíduo de granito, produzidos no pólo cerâmico de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. Inicialmente, para avaliação e análise do desempenho dos cerâmicos, são apresentados resultados da caracterização da massa argilosa e do resíduo de granito e, também, os efeitos da degradação do cerâmico obtido com a adição do resíduo de granito na massa argilosa. A massa argilosa foi coletada numa Indústria Cerâmica da região de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, e o rejeito é oriundo da região de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES. As misturas foram feitas adicionando-se 0%, 5% e 10% de rejeito, em peso, até homogeneização da massa argilosa para posterior obtenção de corpos de prova prismáticos. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a secagem e queima a 500 °C, 700 °C e 900 °C. De um lote de amostras foram obtidas as propriedades tecnológicas. Em outro lote, as amostras foram levadas ao equipamento de degradação e a ciclos de umidade para promover a alteração do cerâmico. Foram consideradas até 1500 h de lixiviação contínua no equipamento, e 50 e 150 de ciclos de umidade. Através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram observadas as modificações na microestrutura do material antes e depois da degradação. Os resultados mostram que certa quantidade de incorporação de resíduo tem influência considerável na evolução da degradação. Além disto, são notadas maiores resistências à degradação no material incorporado.
Stress–strain parameters for modelling the response of rockfill dams to construction and reservoir filling are examined. Parameters from both laboratory tests and back analysis of existing dams are considered. The influence of physical properties of the material, such as mineral composition, grading curves, grain shape, and grain size, is also examined. The results of the study were applied to Foz do Areia dam in Brazil. Finite element analyses were carried out using selected material parameters to predict the response of the dam for both construction and reservoir-filling stages. The predicted and observed results were found to be in good agreement during the construction stage. During reservoir filling, measurements indicated that the dam initially behaved in a much suffer manner than during construction. The stiffer response results from an initial unloading of stress ratio caused by the water load on the face. Under increased reservoir loading, the stress ratio increases again, activating the softer normal loading modulus, leading to substantially larger movements. The predicted results for both construction and reservoir filling are in good agreement with the measurements, provided a stress ratio criterion is used to specify the appropriate tangent moduli. Key words : rockfill, dams, deformations, finite element analysis, field measurements.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.