Roughness evaluation is the most effective way to diagnose pavement condition for design and decision making. The index most commonly used worldwide to indirectly describe the surface condition of asphalt pavements is the international roughness index (IRI). However, few studies have tried to predict the pavement performance of low-volume roads (LVRs) on the basis of the IRI, especially for LVRs in tropical regions. In an attempt to remedy that lack of knowledge, this paper presents IRI-based prediction models developed for asphalt pavement LVR networks in northeast Brazil. The following independent variables were considered to affect the IRI: Thornthwaite's aridity index, which describes local climate; the modified structural number, representing pavement bearing capacity; and the cumulative number of equivalent single-axle loads, representing the traffic applied to the pavements. A multiple regression analysis was carried out, and the results showed that the IRI increases exponentially over time. The analysis of the model parameters confirmed their significance, and the R-square values were 0.87 and 0.94, respectively, for low-volume roads with hot asphalt mixes and bituminous surface treatments. The hot-mix asphalt model was compared with that of the Highway Development and Management Model and with other models developed in research also sponsored by the World Bank. Because of regional differences (especially climate and materials), the models proposed in this paper provide a better estimation of roughness progression in LVRs of the northeast of Brazil.
RESUMO Visando à redução dos custos das obras de pavimentação rodoviária, sempre se procura utilizar materiais locais, preferencialmente os solos de jazidas mais próximas da construção. Às vezes, existem várias jazidas de solos inadequados para o uso, mas que podem ter suas propriedades melhoradas, aplicando-se a técnica correta de melhoramento, como a estabilização química, na qual se enquadra o uso de polímeros ou associações poliméricas. Com este trabalho propõe-se avaliar o uso de uma associação polimérica, na melhoria do comportamento geotécnico de um solo com problemas de resistência, visando ao seu uso como material de pavimentos rodoviários de baixo volume de tráfego. Esta pesquisa está baseada nos ensaios de caracterização geotécnica, compactação, ISC, (UCS RCS e permeabilidade, executados com o solo puro e com adição de material polimérico em proporções variando entre 2% e 6%. A pesquisa revelou aumentos consideráveis nos valores de ISC e RCS. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o uso da associação polimérica resultou em diminuição da plasticidade, aumento no teor de umidade ótimo, redução do peso específico aparente seco e da expansão do solo. Concluiu-se, dessa forma, que, à luz das especificações vigentes, a adição de 6% da associação polimérica ao solo classificado como argilo-areno-siltoso de expressiva plasticidade promoveu significativas melhorias nas propriedades geotécnicas do solo.
O dano que gera fadiga em camadas cimentadas é função dos diferentes esforços que solicitam a estrutura. Este conceito é o princípio da análise de dano acumulado, cujo uma das formas mais utilizadas de contabilização é pela Lei de Miner. Contudo, com o avanço progressivo do dano, a rigidez das camadas do pavimento é reduzida. Baseando-se nesses conceitos, realizou-se um estudo neste trabalho para avaliação de cinco modelos de previsão de desempenho para ruptura por fadiga em camada de Base de Brita Graduada Tratada com Cimento (BGTC), cujo foi monitorada por dois anos em uso. Três deles (AASHTO, 2004; BALBO, 1999; PCA, 1984) utilizam a relação da tensão de tração atuante na camada e sua resistência à tração na flexão. Devido à redução da rigidez da camada, a tensão de tração atuante tende a reduzir ao longo do tempo, gerando uma previsão de vida de fadiga tendendo ao infinito. Os dois outros modelos (SAPEM, 2013; AUSTROADS, 2012) utilizam a deformação específica de tração como critério de ruptura. Como ela aumenta com a redução da rigidez da camada, os dois modelos previram vida de fadiga, porém subestimento as observações em campo. Realizou-se ainda uma calibração destes dois modelos para o trecho experimental analisado, bem como foram definidos os modelos para estimativa do módulo de resiliência da BGTC em função da evolução do dano em cada um dos modelos calibrados.
Traffic noise is a problem that affects the society. However, they have to establish the triggers values for minimum standards of acoustic comfort to the people. The major factor to generate traffic noise is the tire/pavement interaction for speeds higher than 40 km/h. This work presents some evaluations of noise on the tire/pavement interface for different traffic speeds (40, 60 and 80 km/h), for several types of asphalt wearing courses applied in the State of Sergipe-Brazil (conventional asphalt mix and polymer-modified hot mix asphalt, slurry seal and double bituminous surface treatment). It was observed that the noise growth is proportional to the speed increase. The noise also varies with changing parameters such as voids, surface texture and roughness. It was proposed a prediction model to quantify the noise at the tire/pavement interaction from the speed and surface characteristics of asphalt wearing courses. The designers have now additional tools to indicate alternative pavements to critical urban roads, contributing to increase the society acoustic comfort, knowing as quit pavements.
The Cemented Crushed Stone (C2, as the South African Classification) was widely used on the main high-traffic Brazilian highways in the 1970s and 1980s. However, it presents several limitations for its use in the road work related to the properties of the material and its almost fragile nature, since as soon as the large variations in the tensile strain take place along the loading cycle, critical and accelerated degradation also occur, leading to material fatigue distress. Several factors stand out as probable causes for the intense and rapid process of fatigue, the main ones being: granulometry, cement content, and moisture content. In this way, a study was carried out to analyze the mechanical properties of C2 based on granulometry variation in relation to the cement and moisture content. It was noted that the mixture with the best joint performance was the one with the highest percentage of the sand fraction, highest cement content, and molded below the optimum moisture. Some recommendations were made for the mix design of C2, such as the definition of a granulometric range that considers the analysis of the aggregate large/small ratio in order to obtain a greater gain of maximum dry specific mass, as well as the use of cement contents above 4%, since below that the cementation will be insufficient. In addition, optimized ratios (aggregate + cement + water) should be defined by performing the mechanical analyzes listed in this paper, in order to select the best performance mixture to be applied in the road works.
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