Analizamos aquí las reversiones de las cuentas corrientes en los países periféricos de la zona euro (ZES), Grecia, Italia, España, Portugal e Irlanda, durante los años de la crisis financiera. Después de determinar la tendencia e inicio de estos procesos, investigamos los costes implicados en cada país, utilizando un modelo keynesiano para economías abiertas. Estimamos el modelo con datos de panel del periodo 1999-2013. Nuestros resultados indican que cada país de la muestra sufrió costes significativos en términos de PIB, que van desde 32% en Grecia, hasta 6% en Irlanda. Estos hallazgos nos permiten obtener prescripciones de política económica, tanto para los gobiernos de los ZES como para las autoridades nacionales del núcleo de la zona euro.
In this paper we elaborate an open economy Phillips curve (OEPC) with micro-founded analysis, in which external competition significantly impacts the domestic inflation rate. This influence is transmitted through two channels: a) the gap between the current and potential growth of imports, and b) real exchange-rate misalignment. We estimate this OEPC by applying two econometric techniques, panel regressions and PVAR accompanied by impulse/response analysis. A sample of 15 advanced economies is used with data for the period 1994-2017. The results from both methodologies endorse the validity of this theoretical relationship and suggest that international competition reduces the pricing power of domestic firms, thereby curbing inflationary pressures. We also find that the slope of the OEPC has significantly declined in the years after the Great Recession.
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