Drones are increasingly used in border management by EU Member States and Frontex. Drones are considered high-performance tools in border surveillance, due to their enhanced capabilities in the area of detection, observation, data collection and information sharing. They are also instrumental in implementing current policies of contention of migration that rely on cooperation with third countries and, at times, on pull-back operations. The use of drones in such operations raises legal problems relating to the observation of the principle of non-refoulement, which binds both Member States and Frontex. These problems are explored in the light of the applicable rules of international refugee law and human rights law, EU law, and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights.

This paper deals with victim-reparation schemes adopted by the International Criminal Court (ICC), analyzing the role of the Trust Fund for Victims of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes (TFV). Taking the nature of such crimes and the reality of mass victimization as a starting point, the author dwells on the TFV`s dual mandate. Based on the distinction between situations and cases in the ICC system, situation-related reparations and case-related reparations are meant to complement each other. Review of applicable law and existing practice gives an idea of how reparation activities are unfolding and what challenges lie ahead. A decisive turning point for the ICC victim-reparation system will presumably be reached when the Court issues its first sentence.

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This article concerns a security system which enables the detection of undesirable agents, intruders in a multiagent system. The intruders are identied on the basis of their behavior which is determined by actions they undertook. The process of behavior evaluation is distributed each agent makes autonomous behavior evaluation of other agents. In order to distinguish if an agent is good or bad (an intruder), results of behavior evaluations of this agent have to be collected and processed. The problem of collecting and processing of the results of distributed behavior evaluation is the main topic of this article. The conception of storing agents' behavior evaluation results obtained during earlier periods of time is presented. The decision about an agent is undertaken on the basis of the analysis of the gathered results of his behavior evaluation.