No abstract

The semen quality of 479 men in infertile marriages, who attended the infertility clinic of OOUTH, Sagamu between May 2004 and April 2009 were analyzed. The semen samples were physically examined, microscopically analyzed and aerobically cultured. The result showed that out of 51.5% oligospermic cases recorded, 39.8% could be classified severe. Cryptozoospermia were diagnosed in 72 (15%) cases. Bacteriospermia and Necrozoospermia were found in 149 and 6 cases respectively. The predominant organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (50.32%) while Neisseria gonorrhoea was isolated in only 2 cases. Highest infection of 62.4% was noticed among the group with 1%-19% motility. From the studied population, 8.8% were azoospermic. The commonest morphological defects were pin and ragged heads (48%). It is therefore obvious that the assessment of semen quality remains one of the important steps in infertility interventions.

Morinda lucida is a tropical West African tree of medium-size, having brown colored bark, white flowers and yellowish ellipsoid seeds. It is widely used in traditional medicine systems of different countries. The preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts prepared from bark, leaves and seeds of M. lucida revealed the presence of Saponin, Tannins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Cardiac glucosides. Furthermore, it also reveals presence of Minerals like Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Zinc, Copper and Phosphorus were confirmed. Anti-nutrient were also present in appreciable percentage quantities. The anti-nutrients: Phytates, Oxalates and Saponins were

Snails are harvested for food in many parts of the world but are susceptible to environmental contaminations and pollutants due to the continuous ingesting of bacteria from the soil and the environment which they are found. Thus, the study has been designed to investigate the distribution and prevalence of micro-organisms in snails in humid tropics of Nigeria. Fifteen samples of Archachatina marginata were collected from Melege village, Ose local government area, Ondo State, Nigeria. The foot and head were analyzed microbiologically for bacterial loads before and after processing with five cleansing reagents: lime, alum, vinegar, salt and ash. Lime proved most effective reagent for decontaminating snail meats as it had the highest reduction of microbial load after processing (57.1%), followed by salt (44%) and the least was alum (20%). The mean microbial load on the head ranged between 9-22cfu/cm2 before and 4-12cfu/cm2 after processing, while foot ranged between 13-19cfu/cm2 before and 8-14cfu/cm2 after processing. Eight isolates belonging to nine genera including Micrococcus luteus [10(21.31%)] most predominant, followed by Escherichia coli [8(13.11%)], Proteus vulgaris [8(13.11%)], Klebsiella spp [6(16.39%)], Bacillus spp [6(9.84%)], Aeromonas spp [5(11.48%)], Streptococcus pyogenes [6(8.2%)], and least was Enterobacter spp [4(6.56%)] respectively. Results showed different pathogenic bacteria in snails. The presence of higher number of pathogenic Klebsiella spp and Escherichia coli among others, encountered in Archachatina marginata is an indication of public health hazard and also a warning signal for possible occurrence of food borne. The result showed lime as the most effective reagent in processing snail meat. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates showed that all the bacteria isolated were susceptible to Gentamicin (GEN), only Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus spp were susceptible to Ceftazidime (CAZ) and Cloxacillin (CXC) respectively and all the were resistant to Ampicillin (AMP). The presence of these microorganisms showed that snail's samples harbor some potential pathogenic bacteria of medical importance and washing with some cleansing additives, especially lime is recommended for proper decontamination. The resistance of the organisms to some of the drugs portrayed the global increased concern over the continuous use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and the resultant effects.

Malaria is an endemic disease in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it accounts for the death of more than 1million children annually. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of malaria parasite among children between 2-15 years of age visiting State Specialist Hospital Ikare-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria, using Rapid diagnostic test kits and staining methods. The study does from July to December 2017. Two millimeters of venous blood samples were collected from each of the 300 enlisted children and stored in an anticoagulated specimen bottle. Thick and thin blood films prepared from the collected samples, stained and examined for the presence of malaria parasite use the Microscope. Three Rapid diagnostic test kits were also used. Two hundred and thirty-six (78.68%) of the 300 children investigated were found to have malaria parasite infection. Gender distribution showed that more male (45.67%) were infected than females (33.01%). Infections due to age distribution revealed that children within the ages of 2-5 years were more infected (39.3%) than children in other age range (6-10 years, 23.34% and 11-15 years, 17%). There was no statistical difference in the results obtained from the various techniques used (p<0.05) even though Carestart kit appeared less sensitive. Plasmodium falciparum was found to be the cause of malaria infection in Ikare-Akoko. Since there was no statistical difference in the two methods examined, the use of rapid diagnostic kits should be encouraged while more awareness campaign and efforts geared towards the prompt and adequate treatment of infected individuals.