IntroductionBluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious infectious disease of ruminants. The disease agent bluetongue virus (BTV) is classified in the Reoviridae family Orbivirus.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidative stres (TAS), total sialic acid (TSA), ceruloplasmin, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), cholesterol, creatinine, albumin, and total protein levels in sheep with and without bluetongue (BT).Materials and MethodsThe study included 13 Sakiz crossbreed sheep, aged 1–4 years and usually in the last stage of pregnancy, as the BT group and a control group consisting of 10 healthy sheep. All sheep were clinically examined before collecting blood samples. Serum ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, GGT, total protein, creatinine and TAS levels were measured using commercially available kits as per manufacturer's recommendations using a Biochemistry Auto Analyzer (Sinnowa D280, China). Serum lipid peroxidation was estimated through a previously described method in which MDA reacts with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form a coloured complex at a maximum absorbance of 535 nm. The TSA value was measured at 549 nm using the method described by Warren (1959): sialic acid was oxidised to formyl-pyruvic acid, which reacts with TBA to form a pink product. The ceruloplasmin concentration was measured according to Sunderman and Nomoto (1970): ceruloplasmin and p-phenylenediamine formed a coloured oxidation product that was proportional to the concentration of serum ceruloplasmin. Real time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR were performed as described by Shaw and others (2007).ResultsBiochemistry analysis of serum showed that in the BT group, TSA, MDA, triglyceride and ALT and AST were higher and that ceruloplasmin and TAS were lower than in the control group. Serum albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, total protein and GGT did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsSerum triglyceride, ceruloplasmin, TSA, MDA and TAS concentrations may prove beneficial to the diagnosis, prognosis and biochemical analysis of BT.

Introduction: The appraisal of disease severity and prediction of adverse outcomes using risk stratification tools at early disease stages is crucial to diminish mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While lung ultrasound (LUS) as an imaging technique for the diagnosis of lung diseases has recently gained a leading position, data demonstrating that it can predict adverse outcomes related to COVID-19 is scarce. The main aim of this study is therefore to assess the clinical significance of bedside LUS in COVID-19 patients who presented to the emergency department (ED). Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to the ED of our hospital between March 2021 and May 2021 and who underwent a 12-zone LUS and a lung computed tomography scan were included prospectively. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to predict adverse events, which was our primary outcome. The secondary outcome was to discover the association of LUS score and computed tomography severity score (CT-SS) with the composite endpoints. Results: We assessed 234 patients [median age 59.0 (46.8-68.0) years; 59.4% M), including 38 (16.2%) in-hospital deaths for any cause related to COVID-19. Higher LUS score and CT-SS was found to be associated with ICU admission, intubation, and mortality. The LUS score predicted mortality risk within each stratum of NEWS. Pairwise analysis demonstrated that after adjusting a base prediction model with LUS score, significantly higher accuracy was observed in predicting both ICU admission (DBA −0.067, P = .011) and in-hospital mortality (DBA −0.086, P = .017). Conclusion: Lung ultrasound can be a practical prediction tool during the course of COVID-19 and can quantify pulmonary involvement in ED settings. It is a powerful predictor of ICU admission, intubation, and mortality and can be used as an alternative for chest computed tomography while monitoring COVID-19-related adverse outcomes.

Bu ça l ışmada botulismuslu ve sağlıklı ineklerde s erum kolinesteraz, amiloi d A, a l bumi n, tota l protei n, tota l bi l i rubi n, üre, GGT ve SDH a ra ştırıl dı. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ça l ışma ve kontrol grubunu gebe ve kuru dönemde i ki i l e beş ya şl a rı a ra s ında deği şen 10 a det botul i s mus l u ve 6 a det s a ğl ıkl ı hol şta yn i nek ol uşturdu. Pa ra metreleri n s erum düzeyl eri Nefel ometre BNII ve otoa na l i zör kul l a nıl a ra k öl çül dü. Boti lusmuslu hayva nl a rın ka n s eruml a rında n ve s i l a jda n fa re i nokul a s yon tes ti ya pıl dı. BULGULAR: Botul ismuslu i neklerin kan serumlarında ve sila jda Clostridium botulinum ti p C ve ti p D toksini tespit edildi. Serum, kolinesteraz, a miloid A, a lbumin, total protein, total bili rubi n ve SDH botulismuslu ve sağlıklı i neklerde önemli bir deği şi kl i k gös termezken botul i s mus l u i nekl erde üre ve GGT düşük çıktı. TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Botul i s mus l u i nekl erde kol i nes tera z ve forml a rının a ra ştırıl ma s ı botul i s mus un fi zyopa tol oji s i ne ve prognozuna fa yda l ı ol a bi l eceği s onucuna va rıl dı. Anahtar Kelimeler: Botul i s mus , i nek, kol i nes tera z, s erum a mi l oi d A, toks i n SUMMARY INTRODUCTION:The a im of this study was to determine s e rum chol i nes tera s e, a myl oi d A, a l bumin, total protein, total bilirubin, urea, GGT a nd SDH in cows wi th or wi thout botul i s m. METHODS: The s tudy i ncluded 10 holstein cows aged two to five years as the botul i s m group a nd control group consisting of 6 healthy cows. Serum concentra ti on of a l l the pa ra meters were measured using an a utoanalyzer a nd Nefelometre equipment BNII. Mi ce inoculation tes t wa s performed i n s i l a ge a nd bl ood tha t cows wi th botul i s m. RESULTS: Clostridium botulinum type C a nd D toxi ns were determined i n silage a nd blood tha t cows wi th botulism. Serum cholinesterase, a myl oid A, a lbumin, total protei n, tota l bi l i rubi n a nd SDH did not differ significantly between two groups. Serum showed that i n the botul i s m group urea a nd GGT were l ower tha n i n the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Serum cholinesterase and forms researched tha t ma y prove benefi ci a l phys i opa thol ogy a nd prognos i s of botul i s m.

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The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of some protozoa (B. caballi, T. equi, T. gondii, Neospora sp.) and viral agents (equine influenza, equine viral arteritis, equine herpesviruses) of equids in Balikesir and its surroundings, in Turkey. Plasma and serum samples were collected from 66 horses and 96 donkeys. Babesia caballi, T. equi, Neospora sp. antibodies were detected with c-ELISA while T. gondii antibodies with the Sabin Feldman Dye test. Viral agents were detected by using the PCR technique. The prevalence rates of the protozoa in horses were 12.12% for B. caballi, 34.84% for T. equi, 9.09% for T. gondii, and 10.6% for Neospora sp. respectively. The molecular prevalence of the viral agents was detected as 3.03% for equine influenza virus, and 6.06% for equine herpesvirus 5. Equine viral arteritis virus and other herpesviruses (1,2 and 4) were not detected (0%) in any of the samples. However, the rates of seropositivities in donkeys were B. caballi 1.69%, T. equi 71.87%, T. gondii 90.62%, Neospora sp. 23.95%, equine influenza virus 1.04%, equine viral arteritis virus 0%, equine herpesvirus-5 3.12%, and other herpesviruses 0%. The results indicated that T. equi was more prevalent than B. caballi in both species. This study is important about being is the first study in Turkey that reported the existence of anti-Neospora sp. antibodies in donkeys, and the seroprevalence of T. gondii west side of the country in horses and donkeys.