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Purpose To evaluate the association between non-dipper blood pressure pattern and subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH). Methods Twenty-seven consecutive patients with nocturnal SCH and 27 age, sex-matched controls were enrolled. Demographic, blood parameters, office blood pressure measurements, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were evaluated. Results Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for nighttime (65.03 ± 7.1 vs. 70.78 ± 10.5, p: 0.22), mean heart rate for nighttime (64.54 ± 8.26 vs. 69.93 ± 9.85, p: 0.034), Minimum Systolic Blood pressure(SBP) and DBP values for nighttime (92.44 ± 9.72 vs. 99.44 ± 10.66, p:0.015 and 51.15 ± 8.31 vs. 57.7 ± 11.2, p: 0.018) were higher, nocturnal fall ratio of SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the SCH ( + ) group compared to SCH (-) group (5.38 ± 8.39 vs. 10.34 ± 6.08, p: 0.016 and 4.26 ± 8.92 vs. 13.78 ± 6.97, p < 0001 respectively). Ten patients (37%) in the SCH (-) group and 18 patients (66.7%) in the SCH ( + ) group were non-dippers (p: 0.029). Mean daytime SBP and DBP were higher compared to office measurements of 4 patients (14.8%) in the SCH (-) group and 11 patients (40.7%) in the SCH ( + ) group (p: 0.033) Conclusion SCH had a strong association with non-dipper blood pressure pattern, higher nocturnal heart rate and masked hypertension which are precursors of myocardial infarction, stroke and renal failure. So, SCH should be considered as a clue for serious diseases such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and patients should be evaluated for ABPM.

An idiopathic macular hole is an anatomic defect of the neurosensory retina that develops in the fovea. In this report, we present three macular hole cases that are refractory standard macular hole surgery and treated with AM transplantation (AMT). We reached anatomical success in all three cases without any complications or adverse effects. AMT is effective in achieving satisfactory hole closure for cases that are refractory standard surgery.

The colour vision deficiencies (CVDs) are visual disorders occuring in the absence or abnormal function of one or more cones. Although the term ''Color blindness'' has been used to describe CVDs, it is actually a wrong term for nomenclature. It seems that ''color vision deficiency sould be correct term for this disorder because color blindness means the absence of the ability to detect or distinguish any color. CVDs include various mild or heavy, and hereditary or acquired color vision deficids. In this review, we aimed to summarize the CVDs.

Objective: To compare the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in males and females with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Materials and methods:In this retrospective study, the OCT scans of 8 females (Group 1) and 16 males (Group 2) cases with acute CSCR which were diagnosed based on clinical, ophthalmological and OCT findings and which was followed in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The existence of the OCT findings and patterns regarding CSCR and sub-foveal choroidal thicknesses (SFCTs) were compared.Results: Serous macula detachment (SMD) was present in all of the female and male cases. The most common OCT finding was the brush-border pattern (6 cases, 75%) except SMD and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) bulging in females, and RPE bulging (14 cases, 87.5%) except SMD in males. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of OCT findings and patterns between both groups (p>0.05). The mean SFCTs of the eyes with CSCR in Group 1 and Group 2 were 346.08±32.1 µm (ranged from 338 to 365 µm) and 351.32±36.5 µm (ranged from 344 to 376 µm), respectively. The difference between SFCTs in the affected eyes was also not statistically significant (p>0.05).