This study was carried out to investigate the steroid prevention on the occurrence and the severity of red blood cell destruction by the effect of oxytocin usage for labor induction. Venous cord blood was collected from the pregnancies who had oxytocin-induced or augmented labors (20), oxytocin-infused deliveries with steroid use (20), deliveries without oxytocin use (20) and cesarean sections (20). Evaluation of the data showed significant increase in serum bilirubin level, serum lactic dehydrogenase activity, erythrocyte fragility and reticulocyte count (p < 0.0083), and a significant decrease in hemoglobulin concentration, packed red cell volume fraction (p < 0.01) in groups with labor induction or augmentation with oxytocin in comoparison to deliveries with oxytocin plus steroid use and the two other methods of delivery. Moreover, with regard to the above data, no significant difference was observed between the deliveries other than oxytocin-only use. Mean corpuscular volume in the oxytocin group was apparently (not significant) higher than the steroid group. The results of this study suggest that the use of 16 mg dexamethasone 21-phosphate at the beginning of the induction or augmentation of labor with oxytocin, followed by an additional 4-mg dose 4 h later intravenously, is advantageous for the prevention of erythrocyte destruction.