BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The impact of various radiologic and clinical features on the long-term outcome in spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas is still unclear; thus, they are the purpose of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our medical data base for all patients treated for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula in our institution between 2006 and 2016. Patient age, neurologic status at the time of diagnosis, the duration of symptoms from onset to diagnosis, and follow-up information were evaluated. The extent of medullary T2WI hyperintensity, intramedullary contrast enhancement, and elongation of perimedullary veins on MR imaging at the time of diagnosis were additionally analyzed. RESULTS: Data for long-term outcome analysis were available in 40 patients with a mean follow-up of 52 months (median, 50.5 months; range, 3-159 months). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 69.27 6 9 years (median, 71 years; range, 53-84 years) with a male predominance (n 4 32; 80%). The mean duration of symptoms was 20.2 months (median, 10 months; range, 1-120 months). Shorter duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis was significantly correlated with better outcome of symptoms (P , .05). CONCLUSIONS: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are characterized by interindividually variable clinical presentations, which make a determination of specific predictors for long-term outcome more difficult. Fast and sufficient diagnosis might result in a better outcome after treatment. The diagnosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula remains markedly delayed, reflecting an ongoing lack of knowledge and awareness among treating physicians of this rare-but-serious disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Hyperattenuated cerebral areas on postinterventional CT are a common finding after endovascular stroke treatment. There is uncertainty about the extent to which these hyperattenuated areas correspond to hemorrhage or contrast agent that extravasated into infarcted parenchyma during angiography. We evaluated whether it is possible to distinguish contrast extravasation from blood on MR imaging.

Clinical symptoms caused by deep lumbosacral spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are comparable with those of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas at other locations. Medullary congestion in association with an enlargement of the filum vein or other lumbar radicular veins is a characteristic finding in these patients. Spinal time-resolved contrast-enhanced dynamic MRA facilitates the detection of the drainage vein and helps to localize deep lumbosacral-located fistulas with a high sensitivity before DSA. Definite detection of these fistulas remains challenging and requires sufficient visualization of the fistula-supplying arteries and draining veins by conventional spinal angiography.

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