Latar belakang. Pasien imunokompromais lebih berisiko terinfeksi kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sensitivitas uji tuberkulin pada pasien anak dengan keganasan berkurang karena penurunan T helper 1 (Th 1). Diperlukan dua kali uji tuberkulin untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas uji tuberkulin pada anak dengan keganasan. Tujuan. Mengetahui penggunaan dua kali uji tuberkulin lebih sensitif mendeteksi infeksi tuberkulosis pada anak dengan keganasan dibandingkan satu kali uji tuberkulin. Metode. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan Juli 2016 sampai 31 Maret 2017 pada pasien anak yang baru terdiagnosis penyakit keganasan usia 6 bulan sampai 18 tahun di Rumah Sakit Dr. M. Hoesin (RSMH). Uji tuberkulin dilakukan pada semua subjek. Anak dengan hasil uji tuberkulin negatif saat uji tuberkulin pertama dilakukan uji tuberkulin kedua setelah 2 sampai 4 minggu uji tuberkulin pertama. Hasil positif bila indurasi ≥5 mm. Hasil. Lima puluh pasien anak dengan keganasan ikut dalam penelitian. Tigapuluh dua subjek laki-laki dan 18 perempuan. Jenis penyakit keganasan terbanyak adalah leukemia limfoblastik akut 27 (54%). Pada uji tuberkulin pertama didapatkan hasil positif pada 4 subjek dan pada uji tuberkulin kedua didapatkan hasil positif pada 7 subjek. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,001) antara indurasi hasil uji tuberkulin pertama dan kedua. Terdapat peningkatan sensitivitas dua kali uji tuberkulin dibandingkan satu kali uji tuberkulin. Kesimpulan. Penggunaan dua kali uji tuberkulin pada anak dengan keganasan lebih sensitif untuk mendeteksi infeksi tuberkulosis dibandingkan satu kali uji tuberkulin. Sari Pediatri 2018;19(5):245-51Kata kunci: dua kali uji tuberkulin, penyakit keganasan, sensitivitas Increased Sensitivity of Two-Step Tuberculin Test to Detect Tuberculosis Infection in Children with Malignant DiseaseArismunanto Kurniawan,* Fifi Sofiah,* Dian Puspita Sari,* Yuwono** Background. Immunocompromised patients are at greater risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis germs. The sensitivity of tuberculin test in pediatric patients with malignancy was reduced by the decrease in helper T 1. It takes twice the tuberculin test to increase the sensitivity of tuberculin test in children with malignancy.
A B S T R A C TBackground. COVID-19 in childrenalthoughmostly mild,but can also cause seriousillness and even death. Coinfection, especially bacterialcan increase the severity of thedisease. There is yet sufficient evidence about the role of antibiotics in childhoodCOVID-19 with coinfection.Objective. To review the available evidence on thecoinfection in childhood COVID-19 and the role of antibiotic administration.Method.Online literature search using Pubmed database, google scholar dan Cohcranelibrary Results.No study was found that directly evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic inchildhood COVID-19 with coinfection. Three meta-analyses found rates of coinfectionof 5.6%-14% and one case series identified a very high rate (94.2%). Most frequentpathogens included Mycoplasma pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumonia,andinfluenza/parainfluenza viruses. Two RCTsandone case series on antibioticadministration, but all three studies did not address coinfection status.All threestudies evaluated the combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Nochanges in illness severity or mortality attributed to the medications, one studyindicated more rapid viral load clearance associated with azithromycin. ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence on the role of antibiotics in the management of childhoodCOVID-19with coinfection. Azithromycin can be considered in some cases.
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