The research on the use of coconut husk as a solid catalyst for transesterification reaction of Cerbera manghas oil into biodiesel has been done. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of coconut husk ash for biodiesel production from Cerbera manghas seed oil. Coconut husk is prepared by burning in air to obtain potassium oxide as active phase. The coconut husk is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD spectrum shows that the peak characteristics of potassium oxide can be observed in the diffractogram. The particle size of the catalyst ranging from 1 - 3 μm with pentagonal structure. The coconut husk ash solid catalyst is used in the transesterification reaction of Cerbera manghas oil in a batch reactor. Biodiesel yield of 88.6% can be achieved over coconut husk ash catalyst, using a 10 wt.% of catalyst, reaction temperature at 3 hours, and a methanol-to-oil ratio of 6: 1. This solid catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction system and not soluble in methanol or methyl esters. The coconut husk ash catalyst is high potential to be developed as one of the solid catalysts to convert Cerbera manghas oil to biodiesel.
Pencemaran lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh residu pestisida sintesis semakin bertambah buruk terhadap lingkungan. Pembuatan pestisida nabati merupakan solusi alternatif yang dapat dilakukan guna mengurangi dampak pencemaran. Daun pepaya (carica papaya) yang diketahui mengandung enzyme papain sangat berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan metode pembuatan pestisida nabati dari daun papaya yang efektif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu pembuatan pestisida tanpa modifikasi , pembuatan pestisida termodifikasi minyak tanah dan deterjen dan uji kinerja terhadap hama. Uji kinerja pestisida dianalisa dengan melihat pengaruh waktu perendaman, konsentrasi bahan baku dan modifikasi bahan baku terhadap waktu kematian hama. Efek racun dianalisa menggunakan uji sisa residu pada daun dan efek kontak. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pestisida daun papaya sangat efektif digunakan untuk untuk membunuh jenis hama rayap dengan waktu kematian tercepat diperoleh 10 menit pada pestisida termodifikasi deterjen:minyak tanah:pestisida 1:5:1, waktu perendaman 18 jam. Uji efek racun menunjukkan pestisida termodifikasi mampu menghilangkan hama rayap mencapai 100%, ulat dan kutu daun 80% sedangkan tanpa modifikasi hanya 40% untuk ketiga jenis hama.
Lanthanum and carbon co-doped sodium tantalum oxide, La-C-NaTaO3, are prepared by incorporating lanthanum and carbon into NaTaO3 cluster via a sol-gel technique using a sucrose as carbon source. The La-C-NaTaO3 prepared sample is calcined at a temperature of 700 °C. Effects of carbon contents on the crystal, shape, optical absorption response and activity of hydrogen production of the sample are evaluated. The crystal of La-C-NaTaO3 is characterized by XRD analysis. The results show that the XRD pattern of the La C co-doped NaTaO3 is found to be crystalline phase with monoclinic structure. From the analysis of SEM images, the particle size of the prepared powder is about 40-200 nm. The optical response is examined by diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). It is depicted that the absorption edge of La-C-NaTaO3 crystalline shift to higher wavelength. The extension to the visible light absorption edge became drastic with increasing carbon content in the sample. The photocatalytic activity of La-C-NaTaO3 is examined from water-methanol aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. It is found that the photocatalytic activity of La-C-NaTaO3 depend strongly on the doping content of C, and sample La-C-NaTaO3 shows the highest photocatalytic activity for the water reduction. The optimum amounts of carbon to maximize the hydrogen evolution rate is to be 2.5 mol %. The La-C-NaTaO3 catalyst has high activity of H2 evolution of 40.0 [μmol h-1] and long time stability under visible-light irradiation, suggesting a promising utilization of such photocatalyst. La C co-doped NaTaO3 photocatalyst can be developed further in order to produce hydrogen as a green energy.
Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat dan ketersediaaan bahan bakar yang menipis memaksa manusia untuk mencari sumber bahan bakar alternatif. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk memperoleh bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat diperbarui seperti limbah kulit jengkol. Limbah kulit jengkol merupakan biomassa yang keberadaanya belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Biomassa limbah kulit jengkol dapat diolah menjadi suatu bentuk bahan bakar padat dengan dimensi tertentu yang seragam, yang diperoleh dari hasil pengempaan bahan berbentuk serbuk dan berukuran relatif kecil yang biasa disebut sebagai bioarang. Perekat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah campuran getah dengan perekat tepung tapioka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mutu bioarang limbah kulit jengkol sebagai energi alternatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan ukuran partikel limbah kulit jengkol (20, 50 80 mesh) dan berat bahan baku (25, 50, 75 gr). Analisa yang dilakukan adalah analisa kadar air, nilai kalor, laju pembakaran, kadar abu dan kadar karbon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kalor terbaik yaitu 5392,079 kal/gr, kadar air 3,908 %, laju pembakaran 0,190 gr/menit, kadar abu 6% dan kadar karbon 63,094% yang didapatkan dari ukuran partikel 80 mesh dan berat bahan baku 50 gr.
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