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While educational institutions worldwide have been widely affected by the crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, private tutoring (PT) providers have also profoundly impacted. The only way for survival is to shift to online services, although they have to compete with formal educational institutions that also provide online learning and teaching to the students –customers to the PT providers. The current paper explores the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to an English PT provider in Indonesia; how they negotiate and adapt to such a critical circumstance; and what strategies they have to take to sustain their place within the PT sector. Implications and recommendations are also provided.

Claimed by some to be a successful policy tool to connect education with the industrial world, a body of research has documented issues on adapting and adopting the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), a worldwide policy phenomenon. However, there are fewer studies on implementing this framework in initial teacher education (ITE). Therefore, to fill this gap, this paper explores and contextualises the enactment of NQF within the ITE sector from a curriculum ergonomics perspective, a novice concept of analysis on the interactions between curriculum design and its use. This paper contributes to the existing research on curriculum studies, especially in the ITE sector. Implications and recommendations are also discussed.

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