The transverse dimension of the palate did not vary significantly between the groups, which seems to confirm that the main influence of alteration of the breathing pattern from nasal to mouth occurs on the vertical plane.

The intraoral observation did not reveal any atypical condition except for a large amalgam filling on tooth #36. The ice sensibility test revealed normal responses for all teeth from #35 to #45, except for tooth #41 which did not respond. The electrical pulp test confirmed the results of the ice test. The panoramic radiographic interpretation was able to reveal a very large mandibular radiolucent lesion extending from tooth #35 to #45 . Intraoral periapical radiographs were taken which showed apical root resorption in teeth #34, #33, #41 and #43 . A smaller periapical lesion could be observed surrounding teeth #41 and #42. One interesting point was observed at this point, all mandibular incisors had small pulp chambers and very thin root canals except for tooth #41 which had a long and wide pulp chamber and a large root canal [Table/ Fig-1c]. Class II mobility was seen in teeth #32, #31, #41, #42, although no periodontal pockets were present [Table/ Fig-1e]. The pulp diagnosis for the involved teeth was normal pulp except for tooth #41 which was diagnosed with a pulp necrosis probably coming from traumatic injury. Due to the characteristics of the larger radiolucent lesion no apical diagnosis was possible to be performed at this point. The clinical condition and doubts were explained to the patient, and all the procedures described below were explained and accepted by him.Given the clinical history but also the size of the lesion, the differential diagnosis included: radicular cyst, keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) and unicystic amelobastoma. Thus, a biopsy was performed Keywords: Enucleation, Oral surgery, Trauma tooth ABSTRACTOne of the consequences of traumatic injuries is the chance of aseptic pulp necrosis to occur which in time may became infected and give origin to periapical pathosis. Although the apical granulomas and cysts are a common condition, there appearance as an extremely large radiolucent image is a rare finding. Differential diagnosis with other radiographic-like pathologies, such as keratocystic odontogenic tumour or unicystic ameloblastoma, is mandatory. The purpose of this paper is to report a very large radicular cyst caused by a single mandibular incisor traumatized long back, in a 60-year-old male. Medical and clinical histories were obtained, radiographic and cone beam CT examinations performed and an initial incisional biopsy was done. The final decision was to perform a surgical enucleation of a lesion, 51.4 mm in length. The enucleated tissue biopsy analysis was able to render the diagnosis as an inflammatory odontogenic cyst. A 2 year follow-up showed complete bone recovery.with a trephine to remove part of the wall of the cystic lesion and aspiration of cyst fluid.Under local anaesthesia performed using 1.8 ml of 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (Artinibsa, Inibsa, Spain), a 2 cm wide incision was performed using a scalpel blade #15 in the buccal aspect of the anterior mandibular region in between teeth #32 and #42. Then, the flap tissues and periosteum were retracted...

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of implant geometry and anatomical region on implant stability. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 45 patients, in whom a total of 79 implants were placed: 40 MIS C1 Implants and 39 MIS Seven Implants. The implant stability quotient was measured using resonance frequency analysis immediately after implant placement and 8 weeks later with an Osstell Mentor device. Results: 76 implants were analyzed. The implant stability quotient was statistically significantly higher for secondary stability than primary stability (68.7±8,6 vs. 65.2±10.3, respectively, p=0.023). Considering primary stability, no statistical differences were found between the implant lengths 8.0 mm, 10.0 mm, 11.0 mm, and 11.5 mm (67.9±7.6, 63.9±10, 57.2±11.1, and 66.4±11.3, respectively, p=0.312). The same was observed for secondary stability (68.4±9.4, 67.9±9.3, 74.7±1.5, and 69.2±7.9, respectively, p=0.504). Also, there were no statistically significant differences between the implant diameters 3.75 mm and 4.20 mm concerning primary stability (64.3±8.7 and 66.1±11.7 respectively, p=0.445) or secondary stability (68.8±8.2 and 68.7±9.1 respectively, p=0.930). Regarding implant design, a statistically significant difference was found only for secondary stability, favoring MIS Seven implants (p=0.048). The intraoral location was statistically significant for both primary and secondary stability, as these were higher on the anterior maxilla than the posterior maxilla and mandible (p<0.05). Conclusions: The diameter and length of the implants studied did not influence their stability. Implant design may influence secondary stability, whereas intraoral location has a relevant effect on primary and secondary stability.

Background : Implant placement is often difficult to achieve in the atrophic maxillae due to limited ridge height. The use of short implants has been suggested as an alternative treatment option to vertical bone augmentation. However, there is still a lack of information concerning the long-term predictability of short implants.Aim/Hypothesis : The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the survival rate of short SLA-surfaced implants with 6-and 8 mm lengths and at least 1-year follow-up.Material and Methods : All patients that had dental implant therapy with short implants from 2015 to 2018 and complied with mandatory follow ups were included in this retrospective study. Following ethics committee approval, data were retrieved from treatment records concerning patient characteristics, total or partial edentulism, implant characteristics, anatomical location of the implant, type of regeneration procedure, time of loading, date of placement, failure and final follow-up appointment. All patients in the study were treated by 3 experienced surgeons with Straumann Tissue Level comprising 6-(TL6) or 8 mm (TL8) implants, using a standardized surgical procedure. Early failure was defined as an implant that failed to integrate and was removed before 6 or 3 months for implants placed with and without regenerative procedures, respectively. Late failure was defined as implant removal with prosthetic loading following the osteointegration period.Results : A total of 199 patients received 191 TL6 and 156 TL8 dental implants with a follow-up that ranged between 1 and 4 years. Most of the implants (93.7%) had a diameter of 4.1 mm, with the others (6.3%) having a diameter of 3.3 mm. The most frequent indication for short implant placement was the restoration of a partially edentulous arch (59.8%). The most common locations were the posterior mandible (63.4%) and the posterior maxilla (32.6%). The success rates for early failure were 98.4% and 99.4% and for late failure ( n = 326) 99.4% and 99.3% for TL6 and TL8, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the different lengths for early and late failure ( P > 0.05). Conclusion and Clinical Implications: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, the 6-and 8 mm SLA implants evaluated demonstrated an overall medium-term survival rate with no significant differences between them, which may be compared to that of standard-length implants.