Wounds are a major health concern affecting the lives of millions of people. Some wounds may pass a threshold diameter to become unrecoverable by themselves. These wounds become chronic and may even lead to mortality. Recently, 3D printing technology, in association with biocompatible hydrogels, has emerged as a promising platform for developing smart wound dressings, overcoming several challenges. 3D printed wound dressings can be loaded with a variety of items, such as antibiotics, antibacterial nanoparticles, and other drugs that can accelerate wound healing rate. 3D printing is computerized, allowing each level of the printed part to be fully controlled in situ to produce the dressings desired. In this review, recent developments in hydrogel-based wound dressings made using 3D printing are covered. The most common biosensors integrated with 3D printed hydrogels for wound dressing applications are comprehensively discussed. Fundamental challenges for 3D printing and future prospects are highlighted. Additionally, some related nanomaterial-based hydrogels are recommended for future consideration.

The benefits of enclosing pH sensors into wound dressings include treatment monitoring of wounded skin and early detection of developing chronic conditions, especially for diabetic patients. A 3D printed re-entrant auxetic hydrogel wound dressing, doped with pH indicator phenol red dye, was developed and characterized. The re-entrant auxetic design allows wound dressing adhesion to complex body parts, such as joints on arms and legs. Tensile tests revealed a yield strength of 140 kPa and Young’s modulus of 78 MPa. In addition, the 3D-printed hydrogel has a swelling capacity of up to 14%, limited weight loss to 3% in six days, and porosity of near 1.2%. A reasonable pH response resembling human skin pH (4–10) was obtained and characterized. The integration of color-changing pH indicators allows patients to monitor the wound’s healing process using a smartphone. In addition to the above, the mechanical properties and their dependence on post-processing were studied. The results show that the resin composition and the use of post-treatments significantly affect the quality and durability of the wound dressings. Finally, a poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and water-based adhesive was developed and used to demonstrate the performance of the auxetic wound dressing when attached to moving body joints.

Wound healing is a huge challenge worldwide causing enormous financial burden on healthcare systems. Although conventional wound dressings, such as hydrogels, bandages, and foams, facilitate wound healing, they lack the ability to monitor the wound healing process. Here, hydrogel wound dressings in the form of auxetic structures were developed by a digital light processing (DLP) printer. Paper-based colorimetric sensors were incorporated with the 3D printed auxetic hydrogel skin wound patches for monitoring the wound status through detecting pH levels and glucose concentrations. The paper-based sensors are profoundly cost-effective and were found to be capable of monitoring the wound’s conditions. The developed wound dressings may assist in preventing escalation of the acute wounds into chronic stages in diabetics.

Eyeglasses are typical correctors for refractive error eye disorders. They are commonly placed on frames expected to be stylish and durable. Currently, the consumer demand for sustainable and eco-friendly frames is gaining interest, especially since conventional frame manufacturing methods follow a subtraction of large blocks of wasted scrap material. Additive manufacturing (AM) promises better economic feasibility due to reduced tooling, storage, and material costs, as well as enhanced mechanical properties, by inducing nanomaterials and composites. Moreover, synergism between AM and digital design has led to a rising interest in smart or electronic eyeglass frames. This systematic review assesses commercial eyeglass frames that use standard materials with long-lasting resistance, durability, comfort, and versatility with various materials such as metals and polymers. It also explores the design aspects of these eyeglasses and their correlation with the utilization of artificial intelligence trained computer-aided design software. Beyond the appealing eyeglass frame technology, a review of smart frame design, in which electronic sensors and chips are embedded, is also included. Furthermore, this review comprises various applications for 3D printing of frames including commercial and biomedical applications. Other reviewed topics include the side effects, health risks, shortcomings of AM techniques and materials, and void formation inside the matrix that propagates fatigue and shrinkage or density change during solidification.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells mainly affecting the bone marrow. The most common sites of extramedullary dissemination reported in the literature are skin, liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. The presentation of MM with lung plasmacytoma is found to be very uncommon. We report a case of lung plasmacytoma associated with MM. A 65-years-old, non-smoker, female Ethiopian patient presented with 5 months history of dry cough, low grade intermittent fever, fatigue, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency and osteolytic lesions in the skull. On a chest X-ray, she had right upper lung opacity with a well-defined margin medially. Fine-needle aspiration cytology from the lung mass lesion confirmed mononucleated and multinucleated plasmacytoid cells. The presentation of MM with lung plasmacytoma is a rare entity. As elderly patients with MM may first present with pneumonia-like presentation, MM or plasmacytoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in an older patients presenting with thoracic lesion.