BackgroundMultimorbidity (the co-existence of two or more chronic conditions in an individual) is a growing healthcare burden internationally; however, healthcare and disease management, including rehabilitation, is often delivered in single-disease siloes. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the safety and feasibility of multimorbidity rehabilitation compared to a disease-specific rehabilitation program in people with multimorbidity and (2) gather preliminary data regarding clinical outcomes and resource utilization to inform the design of future trials.MethodsA pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Seventeen individuals with a chronic disease eligible for disease-specific rehabilitation (pulmonary, cardiac, heart failure rehabilitation) and at least one other chronic condition were recruited. The intervention group attended multimorbidity exercise rehabilitation and the control group attended disease-specific exercise rehabilitation. Participants attended twice-weekly exercise training and weekly education for 8 weeks. Feasibility measures included numbers screened, recruited, and completed. Other outcome measures were change in functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test (6MWT)), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), activities of daily living (ADL), and resource utilization.ResultsSixty-one people were screened to recruit seventeen participants (nine intervention, eight control); one withdrew prior to rehabilitation. Participants were mostly male (63%) with a mean (SD) age of 69 (9) years and body mass index of 29 (6). The intervention group attended a mean (SD) of 12 (6) sessions, and the control group attended 11 (4) sessions. One participant (6%) withdrew after commencing; two (12%) were lost to follow-up. The intervention group 6MWT distance increased by mean (SD) of 22 (45) meters (95% confidence interval − 16 to 60) compared to 22 (57) meters (95% confidence interval − 69 to 114) (control).ConclusionsIt was feasible to recruit people with multimorbidity to a randomized controlled trial of rehabilitation. A large RCT with the power to make significant conclusions about the impact on the primary and secondary outcomes is now required.Trial registrationThe trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry available at http://www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12614001186640. Registered 12/11/2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-018-0369-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background:Multimorbidity, the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions, is common in clinical practice. Rehabilitation for people with multimorbidity may provide access to a rehabilitation programme that can address common symptoms and risk factors for multiple chronic diseases.Objective:The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the feasibility of a rehabilitation programme compared to usual medical care (UMC) in people with multimorbidity and (2) gather preliminary data regarding clinical effects and impact on functional exercise capacity, activities of daily living, health-related quality of life and resource utilization.Design:A pilot feasibility parallel randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Adults with multimorbidity were randomized to the rehabilitation programme (intervention) or UMC (control). The duration of the rehabilitation programme was 8 weeks and comprised exercise (1 h, twice weekly) and education (1 h, once weekly). The UMC group did not participate in a structured exercise programme.Results:One hundred people were screened to recruit 16 participants, with a 71% completion rate for the intervention group. The rehabilitation group achieved a mean (standard deviation) improvement in 6-minute walk distance of 44 (41) m and the UMC group of 23 (29) m.Conclusions:This study suggests that it would be feasible to conduct a larger randomized control trial investigating a rehabilitation programme for people with multimorbidity. Low uptake of the study suggests that refinement of the inclusion criteria, recruitment sources and programme model will be needed to achieve the number of participants required.

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Background: In 2014-15, 63.4% of Australian adults were overweight or obese, with 25% categorized as obese. Internationally, people with obesity are reported to experience inadequate quality of care, increased length of stay, more adverse events and higher costs of care. There are unique challenges associated with ensuring this cohort is provided with safe care which promotes their personal dignity. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of clinical leaders and managers of care provision to people with obesity, during inpatient admissions to an Australian public health service.Methods: A purposive, convenience sampling method was utilised, resulting in the recruitment of 17 participants. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews in the workplace, which were all digitally recorded for verbatim transcription. All data was subjected to thematic analysis, with identified codes reorganised into overall themes.Results: Five overarching themes were identified, four of which are discussed in this publication. The main themes and subthemes were (I) resource allocation (incorporating inequality, economic resources, human resources and physical resources); (II) service context (incorporating understanding 'bariatric', physical/ built environment, staff knowledge and skills, and organisational culture; (III) care transitions (incorporating transitions in care, communication and organisational processes; and recommendations for best care for people with obesity. Conclusions:The experience and perceptions of participants reflect the issues they prioritised in their respective roles, and confirm that providing care for people with obesity has significant policy and practice implications. These issues cannot be considered in isolation, with significant overlap and interdependence was evident. Participants also described the positive outcomes and progress which could be achieved when organisations take direct action to improve the care they provide to people with obesity.

Background Patient-centred care models for acutely hospitalised people living with obesity are poorly understood and the quality of evidence low. Objective The aim of this study was to explore and better understand the lived experience of people living with obesity, in the inpatient hospital context. Design A qualitative methodology using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used. Data were collected via a single semi-structured interview with each participant. Setting and participants The study was completed at a metropolitan public health service. Ten previously hospitalised patients who live with obesity were included. Results Three main themes emerged: meeting physical care needs of people with obesity on hospital wards, interpersonal interactions between patients and healthcare professionals, and the psychosocial impact of being obese in the hospital setting. Priorities included timely provision of appropriate equipment and infrastructure design to meet care needs and facilitate better wellbeing. To improve patient experience, an emphasis on basic principles of quality care provision to enhance interpersonal interactions, along with improved awareness of the impact of weight bias and obesity stigma in healthcare are supported. Participants found hospitalisation stressful, but valued support from healthcare professionals regarding weight loss. Discussion These data provide new insights in to the lived experience of people living with obesity in the hospital setting. Items which are low cost, such as appropriately sized chairs and gowns, as well facilitators to independent mobility such as electric wheelchairs are suggested to improve both experience and care outcomes. Interpersonal interactions demonstrated obesity stigma in the hospital setting, with participants expressing the desire for more appropriate communication. People living with obesity self-reflected in the inpatient setting, suggesting that staff should be trained to utilise the opportunity to provide weight loss advice. Conclusions The themes identified in this study provide insight into the lived experience of people with obesity in hospital. This understanding provides direction for the development of improved models of care for people living with obesity in this setting and beyond.