Abstract-Changes in the macroeconomic conditions (external factor) will indirectly have an impact on the internal conditions of Islamic banks, which in turn have an impact on the Islamic banking intermediation function, especially for the SME sector. While partially, only BI Rate, CAR, NPF and FDR ratio have a significant effect on the SME financing of Indonesian Islamic Banks. The other variables, namely Inflation, SBIS, ROA and BOPO ratio, have no significant effect on the SME financing of Indonesian Islamic banks. BI Rate, CAR and NPF ratio have a negative and significant effect on SME financing, while FDR ratio has a positive and significant effect on the SME financing of Indonesian Islamic banks for the period 2011 to 2016.

Economic development is the goal of every country. Economic development is not just about the increase in production of goods and services from year to year, but more than that. Economic development measures all changes that occur in terms of economy, education, technology, health, infrastructure, as well as prosperity or the welfare of society. Economic development model of Ibn Khaldun explained that economic development will not be achieved without the role of government as a leader. Servant Leadership is a leadership model that prioritizes service to other parties, either to employees (members) of the company, customers, or to the community. Using descriptive qualitative methods and data source from previous theories and research, this study intends to discuss the role of servant leadership to the economic development of a country. This study found that leadership with servant leadership model is very capable to encourage the achievement of economic development. This is because the leader with servant leadership model will be more concerned with the interests of subordinates or the community compared to their own interests so the welfare of society and economic development will be achieved properly.

The paper aims to check whether Islamic banks in Indonesia remain sound amid the Covid-19 Pandemic by comparing the soundness levels of Islamic commercial banks before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This research used a quantitative approach with the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to compare bank soundness before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The bank's resilience was measured using the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR), e.g., Non-Performing Finance (NPF), Finance to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), and Net Operating Margin (NOM). The study exempted aspects of Good Corporate Governance since it is qualitative. The study used quarterly data in 2018-2019 (before the pandemic) and 2020-2021 (during the pandemic). The results showed a significant difference between CAR before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Meanwhile, NPF, FDR, ROA, and NOM showed no significant differences before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the Covid-19 Pandemic generally does not affect the Islamic banks' soundness level, except for capital. It showed that the Islamic Bank proved to be resilient against crises. The study adds literature on the resilience of Islamic banks, particularly during the Covid-19 Pandemic, and validates the RBBR measurement to analyze the bank's soundness. In addition, the results of this study are also expected to be a consideration for policymakers to design the right policies for optimizing Islamic banks to thrive and support post-pandemic recovery.