The teaching of Islam has warned and reminded Muslim society regarding the threat of superstitious practices after the period of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Various distorted beliefs, such as shamanism and fortune-telling, have simultaneously spread all over the Muslim world including Malaysia. Among several causal of heretical innovation of distorted belief is ignorance and lack of religious knowledge. This article higlights contributing factors of Malays' involvement in superstitious practices which stresses on their perception, beliefs and practices. The writing of this article is based on the study conducted through qualitative methods using observation and interview. Selected key informants from religious affairs departments and political leadership are selected as respondents of the study. The result found that lack of religious education, ignorance, the influence of shamanism and strong belief in mystic and magic are accepted to contribute to the occurence of superstitious practices. These causal factors need to be addressed in the very best possible manner by the Islamic affairs authorities in order to prevent futher society involvement.

The study extended the conventional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model into the lead model, supported with a partial adjustment model and adaptive expectation model. The ARDL‐LEAD modelling is applied to Saudi Arabia's tourism industry to assess the country's environmental sustainability agenda (ESA) by using monthly time series data from 1995M01‐2018M12. The short‐run results confirmed the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with the lag variables, while the U‐shaped relationship was found between economic growth (EG) and CO2 emissions with the leads variable. The inbound tourism and trade openness (TOP) decrease CO2 emissions at the lead factor in the short‐run. The long‐run relationship verified the U‐shaped relationship between EG and CO2 emissions, while TOP openness increases CO2 emissions to substantiate 'pollution haven hypothesis (PHH)' in a country. The Wald Granger causality shows the different variations at the current period and forecasted estimates. The Granger estimates at the current level confirmed the growth‐led emissions (GLE), tourism‐led emissions (TLE), and tourism‐led growth (TLG) hypotheses, while at forecast estimates, the results substantiate the TLE and emissions‐led growth (ELD) hypotheses in a country.

The rising of conversion mualaf to Islam proved that Islam has become a universal religion, and people started to recognize and accept the truth of Islam. Despite that, the phenomenon of mualaf returning to their former religion had concerned the authorities as reported by newspapers and social media. Even so, the issues related to mualaf have never ceased since it is a difficult matter to deal with it. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the reasons that caused mualaf to return to their former religion based on the apostasy cases that happened in Malaysia. This qualitative document analysis technique uses secondary data in attaining the information related to the study. The findings showed that mualaf indeed had confronted various challenges after converting to Islam, for instance, lack of faith ('aqidah) in Islam, insufficient knowledge about Islam, lack of religious commitment, failure in marriage and trouble from the birth family. On the other hand, this study will assist the preacher and da'wah institution to comprehend more about issues related to mualaf and suggest a more practical method of da'wah for them in a way the apostasy cases in Malaysia simultaneously could be put to an end.

While many Muslim sects are in agreement of the necessity of the Islamic Caliphate or Khilafah, modelled upon the ideal caliphate of the Prophet and the four rightly-guided caliphs, its necessity is sometimes completely denied. A very controversial view is that advanced by the Egyptian, Ali Abd. al-Raziq (1888-1966

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the blue economy and community development toward improving living standards and livelihoods. A systematic literature review was conducted involving a total final sample of 15 articles published during 2017-2022. Specifically, the source of the database used in this study is Scopus, and Web of Science based on a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria for analysis and synthesis to meet the purpose of the paper. This study employed the thematic analysis method for the systematic literature review. The important components in this study are coastal resources, employment and society, and policy governance in the blue economy showing the innovations that have been successfully explored in this study. The blue economy is highly dependent on the cooperation of local communities in preserving the environmental treasures in developing sustainable development for the country. The community must have the courage to venture into the field of ocean activities because it is one of the main contributors to sustainable economic growth. In addition, the stakeholders who manage the governance of the oceans have a great impact on the change of a component to a new economic concept that can be a catalyst for economic growth. This paper seeks to contribute, analyze limited articles on the blue economy and community development toward improving living standards, and identify further research areas.