IntroductionL'infection à Hélicobacter pylori concerne la moitié de la population mondiale, principalement dans les pays en voie de développement où l'infection atteint 80% de la population. Le but de notre étude était de déterminer la prévalence de l'infection à Hélicobacter pylori et de mettre en évidence les déterminants de l'infection ainsi que les maladies associées au Cameroun.MéthodesL’étude concernait 171 sujets symptomatiques référés pour une fibroscopie œsogastroduodénale au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé et au Centre Médical la Cathédrale. L'infection à H.pylori était objectivée par un test rapide à l'uréase kit commercial Pronto Dry® (Medical Instruments Corporation, Solothurn, Switzerland).RésultatsLa prévalence globale de l'infection à Hélicobacter pylori était de 72,5% (124/171) (Intervalle de Confiance (IC) à 95% 65,2-79,1%) et dans chaque groupe d’âge (moins de 40ans, 40-50ans, plus de 50ans) de 83,1%(64/77), 67,4%(29/43) et 60,8%(31/51) respectivement. En analyse univariée, le risque de l'infection était significativement élevé dans le groupe de moins de 40ans comparé au groupe de 40-50ans (Risque Relatif (RR) 0,42 IC 95% 0,16-1,1, p = 0,04 pour le groupe 40-50ans) et comparé au groupe de plus de 50ans (RR 0,73; 0,57-0,93, p = 0,004 pour le groupe de plus de 50ans). La prévalence de l'infection à H.pylori était de 63,0% (17/27) pour l'ulcère duodénal, 50%(4/8) pour l'ulcère gastrique et 100%(2/2) pour le cancer gastrique.ConclusionA prévalence de l'infection à H.pylori au Cameroun est très élevée et significativement liée à l’âge de moins de 40 ans.

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IntroductionThe study aimed at determining the different types of precancerous conditions of the stomach and searches the frequency of Helicobacter pylori in these lesions in patients with chronic antral gastritis in Yaounde, Cameroon.MethodsFive gastric biopsies were performed during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for pathology and fixed in formol 10% before being coated in paraffin. Both the modified Giemsa and Periodic acid of Shift – Alkaline blue stains were used for the histological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Hematoxylyn and eosin stain was used to determine the activity of gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in accordance to the Sydney's classification of gastritis. Data were analysed using both the Epi info 6.04 and Excel 2007 softwares. Means and their standard deviations, medians and their interquartiles (IQR) were calculated. Proportions were established for qualitative variables and chi square analysis done in this study with a p value set at 0.05.ResultsSeventy-nine patients with chronic antral gastritis were enrolled, of which 43 (54.4%) were male, median age: 43 years (range from 21 to 70 years). The rate of atrophic gastritis was 74.7% (59/79). The activity of atrophic gastritis was mild in 47.5% (28/59) of cases, moderate in 47.5% (28/59) and severe in 5% (5/59). Intestinal metaplasia and follicular gastritis were present in 6.3% (5/79), and 10.1% (8/79), respectively. Concerning Helicobacter pylori infection, 71.2% (42/59) of patients with atrophic gastritis tested positive against 28.8% (17/59) who tested negative (p = 0.00003). Helicobacter pylori infection was related to the severity of gastric atrophy (p = 0.0001). Among patients with intestinal metaplasia and follicular gastritis, the proportion of those who tested positive for Helicobacter pylori infection was 80% (4/5), and 75% (6/8), respectively. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of atrophic gastritis according to age groups (p = 0.908).ConclusionThis study concludes that atrophic gastritis, which is most often caused by Helicobacter pylori, is the most frequent precancerous condition of stomach in Cameroon. Routine gastric sampling for pathologic analysis is mandatory for effective diagnosis and surveillance of Helicobacter pylori infection and precancerous conditions of the stomach.

Introduction: According to WHO estimates, 57% of cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of primary liver carcinoma are caused by a hepatitis B or C virus. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these diseases and HIV among a young male population, according to region. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 17 February to 31 March 2014 in the ten administrative regions of Cameroon. The study included male subjects of Cameroonian nationality aged at least 18 and at most 23, and living in the regions concerned. It excluded subjects that did not match the age, gender, and nationality criteria. For each subject, 10 ml of blood was collected in a dry tube. After centrifugation at 3000 RPM for 5 minutes, the serum was collected for the detection of viral infections. For subjects that tested positive, a confirmatory test was conducted. Results: In total, 4367 subjects were selected, with an average age of 20.46 (+/− 1.17) years. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus stood at 13.01% (with 95% CI: 12.03% -14.05%). That of viral hepatitis C was 0.30% (95% CI: 0.17% -0.52%). Co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses was 0.05% (95% CI: 0.01% -0.18%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 1.01% (95% CI: 0.74% -1.36%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of HBsAg in the population of young males is high. It tallies with the early vertical and horizontal modes of transmission that prevail in our environment.

Background Buschke–Löwenstein tumor is a giant condyloma acuminata infection that is characterized by degeneration, invasion, and recurrence. It is associated with human papilloma virus infection. It develops around the genital and perineal area, sometimes causing a large budding ulcerated lesion. Although human immunodeficiency virus infection is frequent in Africa, there are few descriptions of Buschke–Löwenstein tumor diagnosis and its management. Screening for other sexually transmitted infections must be systematic among these patients. Case presentation We report herein the case of a 21-year-old African origin male patient who developed a perineal swelling. Physical examination showed evidence of a huge exophytic tumor made up of budding pinkish vegetations, with serrated crests, a ‘’butterfly wing’’ structure, and a cauliflower-like appearance crowned with centrifugal circinate lesions. Multiple condylomatous lesions of the anal margin were also present. The patient tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (cluster of differentiation 4 count of 119 cells/mm3) and hepatitis B infections. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed human papilloma virus-16 and other high-risk human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid. The diagnosis of Buschke–Löwenstein tumor was made on mass biopsy, and the patient underwent multidisciplinary intervention (surgery, podophyllin application, and antiretroviral therapy). Medium-term evolution was, however, fatal due to opportunistic infection. Conclusion Buschke–Löwenstein tumor is a rare tumor associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. It is more frequent in male human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. There is a need to screen for other sexually transmitted infections. In most cases, the treatment is surgical, in association with local therapies. However, recurrences are common.