<p><span>This paper presents an analysis and design of linear quadratic regulator for reduced order full car suspension model incorporating the dynamics of the actuator to improve system performance, aims at benefiting: Ride comfort, long life of vehicle, and stability of vehicle. Vehicle’s road holding or handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations are become a key research area conducted by many researchers around the globe. Different researchers were tested effectiveness of different controllers for different vehicle model without considering the actuator dynamics. In this paper full vehicle model was reduced to a minimal order using minimal realization technique. The entire system responses were simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The effectiveness of linear quadratic regulator controller was compared for the system model with and without actuator dynamics for different road profiles. The simulation results were indicated that percentage reduction in the peak value of vertical and horizontal velocity for the linear quadratic regulator with actuator dynamics relative to linear quadratic regulator without actuator dynamics was 28.57%. Overall simulation results were demonstrated that proposed control scheme has able to improve the effectiveness of the car model for both ride comfort and stability.</span></p>

Geothermal heat pumps present a very intricate installation process and requires a vast amount of space which can cause a financial hurdle for most users. The geothermal system makes use of the constant ground temperature at the minimum of 5 ft depth with a thermal conductive working fluid and specified length of pipping. The system undergoes the necessary heat transfer that will be used as part of the heating or cooling process. In this study, an additively manufactured heat exchanger was designed and developed to address this issue. The design has an innovative coiled inner pipping to reduce the space needed for its installation, as well as combining the heat exchanger component with a drill bit design to simplify and reduce the cost of installation. We used CREO 8.0 to make a detailed drawing and CAD model of the system, which will then be simulated on ANSYS fluent software. During the simulation we studied the performance of heat transfer. In addition, this study also analyzes the coefficient of heat transfer and fluid pressure drop as a function of Reynolds number. For production of the system an additive manufacturing technique was used to manufacture the prototype.