Background: Anovulation is the commonest cause of female infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequently seen cause of anovulation among infertile females. Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate are two common drugs for PCOS. But controversial data was noticed regarding their effectiveness. Aim: To compare effectiveness of Letrozole versus Clomiphene Citrate to evaluate the ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, total 360 females were enrolled according to calculated sample size and were randomly divided into two equal groups. One is treated with letrozole and other is clomiphene citrate. Successful ovulation was noted on follow up. Data was collected in proforma and later on analyzed in SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of patients in letrozole group was 26.61± 4.81 years and in clomiphene citrate was it 27.89±4.24 years. Successful ovulation induction was noted in 172 with letrozole and 150 with clomiphene citrate i. e p-value=0.001. Conclusion: Letrozole has significantly better efficacy for successful ovulation than Clomiphene Citrate for PCOS. Keywords: Ovulation, Clomiphene citrate, Letrozole, polycystic ovarian syndrome

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Background: Cesarean section uterine scar dehiscence (CSD) is a rare but notable complication of Lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) surgery. The cause for a uterine scar dehiscence is based on the etiology behind the uterine scar defect or any event that would predispose the cesarean scar to dehisce. Globally accepted option for assessing the CS scar is transvaginal ultrasonography of the non-pregnant uterus. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of lower uterine segment scar thickness≤1.6mm in the prediction of scar dehiscence in patients with previous one LSCS who are undergoing repeat LSCS after trial of labour taking intraoperative findings as gold standard. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Services Hospital, Lahore for 6 months. The Non probability consecutive sampling technique was used to include women with previous one LSCS at 36-38 weeks were asked to get their TVS done for scar thickness. Women with scar thickness≤1.6mm and scar thickness>1.6mm were identified. Their intraoperative findings of scar dehiscence were confirmed. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.87±6.07 years. The emergency LSCS was done in 599(49.1%) patients and elective LSCS was done in 621(50.9%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity & diagnostic accuracy of TVS was 98.31%, 99.05% & 98.69% respectively. Conclusion: According to our study results the TVS for uterine scar is a very useful and effective tool in the prediction of scar dehiscence in patients with previous one LSCS taking intraoperative findings as gold standard. Keywords: Transvaginal sonography, TVS, Uterine, Scar, dehiscence, LSCS, Intraoperative