Frost action and biological attack are not important causes of damage to concrete in coast protection works in the British Isles and no cases of alkali-aggregate reaction have been positively identified. Chemical attack is usually confined to structures containing concrete of indifferent quality. Damage to exposed concrete structures due to abrasion by wave driven shingle is, however, extensive at many sites in the United Kingdom and gives rise to a considerable maintenance problem. A series of experimental panels was laid in the apron of a sea wall at Fleetwood in 1961 in order to compare the performance of different concrete mixes when exposed to attack by the sea. Some provisional conclusions have been drawn from a study of the results of this experiment, and a survey of coast defence works in England and Wales has provided additional information. Suggestions are made for further research into factors affecting the durability of concrete in coast protection works.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract