OBJECTIVE:To analyze factors associated with the use of stimulants by truck drivers to stay awake. METHODS:A survey with 854 drivers was carried out at eight truck stops (seven gas stations and one border patrol post) located at fi ve cities in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil) in 2006. The outcome "amphetamine use" was categorized as "yes" or "no". Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was conducted in order to select variables that would be included in the model, which was composed of variables regarding socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, information on profession and on alcohol consumption. RESULTS:Amphetamine was used by 12.4% of truck drivers in order to stay awake, either by itself or together with other substances (coffee, guaraná powder, energy drinks, snorted cocaine). Amphetamine was the most cited substance by those who consumed something to stay awake. Consumption of alcoholic drinks was mentioned by more than 70% of the interviewees. Among those who declared drinking alcohol, 45.1% reported drinking at least once a week. Once a week. Amphetamine use was associated with younger age, higher income, longer trips, and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS:Truck drivers' higher income implies increased workloads, which can result in physical and emotional stress, with consequent use of stimulants, as a temporary solution. The reduction in abusive consumption of alcohol and in the use of illicit substance, like amphetamines, by truck drivers depends not only on policies addressing prevention and treatment for drug abuse, but also on integrated policies ensuring better working and health conditions.
BackgroundStudies aimed at understanding the association between induced abortion and HIV are scarce and differ on the direction of the association. This paper aims to show the prevalence of induced abortion in a sample of pregnancies of women living and not living with HIV/Aids, determining variables associated with pregnancy termination and linked to the life course of women and to the specific context of the pregnancy.MethodsData came from a cross-sectional study, using interviewer-administered questionnaire, developed with women that attended public health services in Porto Alegre, Brazil. A generalized estimating equation model with logit link measured the association between determinants and abortion.FindingsThe final sample was composed of 684 women living with HIV/Aids (2,039 pregnancies) and 639 women not living with HIV/Aids (1,539 pregnancies). The prevalence of induced abortion among pregnancies in women living with HIV/Aids was 6.5%, while in women not living with HIV/Aids was 2.9%. Among women living with HIV/Aids, the following were associated with induced abortion in the multivariable analysis: being older, having a higher education level, having had more sexual partners (i.e., variables linked to the life course of women), having had children prior to the index pregnancy and living with a sexual partner during pregnancy (i.e., variables linked to the context of each pregnancy). On the other hand, among women not living with HIV/Aids, only having a higher education level and having had more sexual partners (i.e., determinants linked to the life course of women) were associated with voluntary pregnancy termination in multivariable analysis.ConclusionAlthough determinants are similar between women living and not living with HIV/Aids, prevalence of induced abortion is higher among pregnancies in women living with HIV/Aids, pointing to their greater social vulnerability and to the need for public policy to address prevention and treatment of HIV associated with reproductive issues.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between abortion and experiences of sexual coercion. The data came from GRAVAD, a household survey with a stratified random sample of young women (18-24 years) IntroduçãoNo Brasil, o aborto destaca-se como um grave problema de saúde pública à medida que é amplamente praticado, muitas vezes de forma insegura, dentro de um cenário de clandestinidade 1 . A ilegalidade do aborto não coíbe a prática e perpetua as iniquidades socioeconômicas em que é realizado. Há, assim, um contexto que impõe às mulheres oportunidades desiguais de evitar uma gravidez ou de escolher seu desfecho 2 . São especialmente as mulheres mais pobres aquelas que se submetem aos riscos da prática de um aborto realizado em condições precárias 3 .O aborto na adolescência representa 7% a 9% do total de abortos provocados no Brasil, e 72,5% a 78% deles ocorrem em jovens na faixa etária de 17 a 19 anos, que estão em um relacionamento estável e que são dependentes economicamente da família ou do parceiro. Nesses casos, o aborto geralmente resulta de gravidez não prevista e é feito por meio do uso de misoprostol 3 . Dados provenientes de uma compilação de estudos internacionais indicam que mulheres de 20 a 24 anos são as que possuem o maior número absoluto de abortos, enquanto as com menos de 20 anos e as com mais de 40 anos são as que têm os menores. Apesar disso, as mulheres nos extremos reprodutivos apresentam maior proporção de gravidezes findadas em aborto. Enquanto as mulheres mais jovens alegam ser muito novas ARTIGO ARTICLE
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