Soybean oil has many important components, but for its maintenance it is essential that there is an appropriate storage, temperature, relative humidity and optimum grain moisture content, because the oxidation reactions occur by improper storage, causing product deterioration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main changes in the quality of soybean crude oil, from grain storage in temperature of 30°C and different relative humidity (59.6%, 67.0% and 76.0%). Soybean grains were packaged in plastic recipients, where saturated salt solutions were added so the grains reached the desired moisture. The analyses of moisture content, lipid, acidity index, color, antioxidant capacity, specific extension by absorption in the ultraviolet region were realized during storage for 180 days, because they indicate the degree of oil oxidation. A completely randomized design was conducted, and analysis of variance and Tukey test were performed. The storage time caused changes in physical-chemical properties of the grains, indicating that the oil was degraded over time.

ResumoPlantas invasoras surgem durante a sucessão ecológica e se desenvolvem juntamente com arbóreas nativas. A convivência entre essas espécies pode ser influenciada por vários fatores, como a alelopatia, definida como o conjunto de alterações diretas ou indiretas, que uma planta exerce sobre outra. Assim o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a existência da ação alelopática na germinação das sementes e a possível interferência no crescimento inicial de plântulas de P. rigida quando submetidas aos extratos aquosos de B. brizantha e M. maximus. Para tanto, foi utilizado um DIC em esquema fatorial 2X4 (espécies x tratamentos). Foi preparado o extrato aquoso de folhas frescas das espécies invasoras, de forma independente, os quais foram diluídos nas proporções 2,5; 5; e 10% e como testemunha utilizou-se água destilada (0%). As sementes e plântulas de P. rigida foram submetidas aos diferentes extratos e avaliadas quanto aos parâmetros: germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, crescimento de raiz e parte aérea e peso da massa seca. Após análise dos dados, foi possível verificar que ambos os extratos não apresentaram interferência alelopática na germinação e no índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes de P. rigida, assim como no crescimento das raízes de suas plântulas. No entanto, quando as plântulas foram submetidas ao extrato de M. maximus nas duas maiores concentrações foi observado maior crescimento da parte aérea. Sendo assim, não há interferência alelopática negativa dos extratos de B. brizantha e M. Maximus na germinação das sementes ou no crescimento inicial de P. rigida. Palavras-chave: Alelopatia; gramíneas; invasão biológica. AbstractAlelopathic activity of invasive species on the germination and initial development of native tree. Invasive plants arise during ecological succession and develop along with native trees. The coexistence between these species can be influenced by several factors, such as allelopathy, defined as the set of direct or indirect changes that one plant exerts on another. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify the existence of allelopathic action on seed germination and the possible interference in the initial growth of P. rigida seedlings when submitted to aqueous extracts of B. brizantha and M. maximus. For this, a DIC was used in a 2X4 factorial scheme (species x treatments). The aqueous extract of fresh leaves of the invasive species was prepared independently, which were diluted in the proportions 2.5; 5; And 10% and distilled water (0%) was used as control. Seeds and seedlings of P. rigida were submitted to different extracts and evaluated for germination, germination speed index, root and shoot growth and dry mass weight. After analyzing the data, it was possible to verify that both extracts did not present allelopathic interference in the germination and germination speed index of P. rigida seeds, as well as in the growth of the roots of their seedlings. However, when the seedlings were submitted to the extract of M. maximus in the two higher concent...

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ABSTRACT:The development of researches about vigor provides greater insight about the physiological behavior of seeds over storage periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes which occurred in beans stored for 360 days. Analyses were performed at 0, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days after receiving the seeds (S1 and S2) and grains (G1 and G2) of BRS Splendor. The following tests were conducted: water content, electrical conductivity, and chemical composition of the soaking solution, where sugars and ions Fe 2+ , Zn, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and K + were quantified. The experimental design was completely randomized split-plot and means were compared through Tukey test (p>0.05). Water content decreased after 90 days, and after 180 days reached an average of 16%. The electrical conductivity showed the greatest loss of solute after 90 days. Larger amounts of soluble sugars were found in S1 and G1. The quantities of potassium and calcium decreased after 360 days, while magnesium increased after 90 days of storage. The electrical conductivity test showed no direct relation to the quantification of the investigated ions. The amount and behavior of amino acids and studied ions did not showed relation to the decrease in vigor of beans.

Beans are one of the most used foods to meet the energy needs of the Brazilian diet, requiring farmers to use high seed physiological potential. The aim was to evaluate the physiological quality of beans stored for 360 days. Analyses were performed at 0, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days after receiving the seeds (S1 and S2) and grains (G1 and G2) of BRS Splendor. Tests of germination, accelerated aging, cold, speed of germination, average length of shoots, and root were performed. The experimental design was completely randomized split-plot in time and the means were compared through Tukey test at 5% probability. Seed germination was not affected in S2, while the drop in S1 and G1 was significant. The vigor of grains from field 1 declined from 91 to 50% and from 93% to 76% by accelerated aging and cold, respectively, after 360 days. The germination speed tests performed showed a decreased during the experiment. The grains from field 1 had lower physiological quality. The accelerated aging and cold tests, through the speed of germination parameter, showed decrease in the vigor of the Splendor BRS. The storage period influenced the physiological quality of the beans tested.