Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are bound to membranes by a hydrophobic sequence located very close to the C-terminus, followed by a short luminal polar region. Their active domains are exposed to the cytosol. TA proteins are synthesized on free cytosolic ribosomes and are found on the surface of every subcellular compartment, where they play various roles. The basic mechanisms of sorting and targeting of TA proteins to the correct membrane are poorly characterized. In mammalian cells, the net charge of the luminal region determines the sorting to the correct target membrane, a positive charge leading to mitochondria and negative or null charge to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here sorting signals of TA proteins were studied in plant cells and compared with those of mammalian proteins, using in vitro translation-translocation and in vivo expression in tobacco protoplasts or leaves. It is shown that rabbit cytochrome b5 (cyt b5) with a negative charge is faithfully sorted to the plant ER, whereas a change to a positive charge leads to chloroplast targeting (instead of to mitochondria as observed in mammalian cells). The subcellular location of two cyt b5 isoforms from Arabidopsis thaliana (At1g26340 and At5g48810, both with positive net charge) was then determined. At5g48810 is targeted to the ER, and At1g26340 to the chloroplast envelope. The results show that the plant ER, unlike the mammalian ER, can accommodate cytochromes with opposite C-terminal net charge, and plant cells have a specific and as yet uncharacterized mechanism to sort TA proteins with the same positive C-terminal charge to different membranes.
A Revista Faces de Clio é uma publicação discente, criada pelos alunos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, destinada a divulgar pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito da pós-graduação, em universidades do Brasil e do exterior. A 5ª edição da revista Faces de Clio possui como dossiê temático Liberalismo: intelectuais e instituições no Brasil. Congrega-se, nesta publicação, pesquisadores que trabalham o arcabouço político e ideológico liberal em diversas variantes e diferentes contextos históricos. A proposta é pensar formas de atuação de intelectuais que compartilharam desse aporte ideológico, bem como a aplicação dessas ideias em instituições brasileiras.
Construction of the myth of national hero: Eduardo Gomes and his performance in the tenentist Movement Construção do mito de herói nacional: Eduardo Gomes e sua atuação no Movimento Tenentista
Resumo: O artigo compreende a construção da imagem de herói nacional em torno de Eduardo Gomes. A hipótese é que o mito legitimou sua candidatura ao cargo de presidente da República pelo partido União Democrática Nacional em 1945 e 1950. A elaboração da imagem baseou-se em memórias de sua participação no Levante do Forte de Copacabana e na Revolta Tenentista de 1924, ou seja, em sua atuação como revolucionário durante a Primeira República. Contudo, cabe questionar: quem construiu o mito? A que a legenda de herói nacional conveio? De que maneira a sociedade respondeu à construção do mito? Este estudo, através da análise de imprensa e correspondências, responderá essas indagações.Palavras-chave: Eduardo Gomes, herói, eleição presidencial de 1945.
Abstract:The article comprises the image construction of national hero Eduardo Gomes.The hypothesis is that the myth legitimized his Republic presidential candidacy by the União Democrática Nacional party in 1945 and 1950. The elaboration of the image was based on memories of his participation in the Levante do Forte de Copacabana and the Revolta Tenentista de 1924, that is, in his determination as a revolutionary during the First Republic. However, it must be asked: who built the myth? What did the legend of a national hero do? How has society responded to the construction of the myth? This study, through the press and letters analysis, will answer these questions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.