BackgroundAlthough significant advances have been achieved in acute kidney injury (AKI) research following its classification, potential pitfalls can be identified in clinical practice. The nonsteady-state (kinetic) estimated glomerular filtration rate (KeGFR) could add clinical and prognostic information in critically ill patients beyond the current AKI classification system.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis using data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II project. The KeGFR was calculated during the first 7 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in 13,284 patients and was correlated with outcomes.ResultsIn general, there was not a good agreement between AKI severity and the worst achieved KeGFR. The stepwise reduction in the worst achieved KeGFR conferred an incremental risk of death, rising from 7.0% (KeGFR > 70 ml/min/1.73 m2) to 27.8% (KeGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2). This stepwise increment in mortality remained in each AKI severity stage. For example, patients with AKI stage 3 who maintained KeGFR had a mortality rate of 16.5%, close to those patients with KeGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 but no AKI; otherwise, mortality increased to 40% when both AKI stage 3 and KeGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 were present. In relation to another outcome—renal replacement therapy (RRT)—patients with the worst achieved KeGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 and KDIGO stage 1/2 had a rate of RRT of less than 10%. However, this rate was 44% when both AKI stage 3 and a worst KeGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 were observed. This interaction between AKI and KeGFR was also present when looking at long-term survival.ConclusionBoth the AKI classification system and KeGFR are complementary to each other. Assessing both AKI stage and KeGFR can help to identify patients at different risk levels in clinical practice.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1873-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Objetivos: O anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD3 tem sido empregado na prevenção e tratamento de episódios de rejeição aguda em transplante de órgãos. Neste estudo retrospectivo, relatamos a experiência de três instituições brasileiras que utilizaram o anticorpo anti-CD3 produzido pelo Instituto Butantan (São Paulo, Brasil) em pacientes transplantados renais. Métodos: Foram analisados 25 pacientes que receberam anti-CD3 para profilaxia (n=9) e tratamento de rejeição celular aguda (n=16). Resultados: Os pacientes que utilizaram o anti- CD3 profilaticamente eram sensibilizados em sua maioria (89%) e apresentaram ocorrência de rejeição aguda em 33% dos casos. O uso terapêutico foi indicado para tratamento de rejeição córtico-resistente ou rejeições de maior severidade histológica, e reverteu clinicamente 69% dos episódios tratados. Na maioria dos pacientes, o uso do anti-CD3 Butantan reduziu o número de células CD3+ a valores menores que 30 cel/mm3 no segundo dia de tratamento. O evento adverso mais freqüentemente observado foi febre e infecções bacterianas e virais, seis meses após o tratamento, que foram observadas em 13 e 10 pacientes, respectivamente. No período médio de seguimento de oito anos nenhuma ocorrência de tumor foi relatada. Conclusões: Concluímos que a utilização do anti-CD3 Butantan mostrou-se eficaz na profilaxia e tratamento de rejeição aguda em pacientes transplantados renais.
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