ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate botanical oils, mineral oils and an insecticide that contained azadirachtin (ICA) for the control of Hypothenemus hampei, in addition to the effects of residual castor oil. We evaluated the effectiveness of the vegetable oils of canola, sunflower, corn, soybean and castor, two mineral oils (assist ® and naturol ® ), and the ICA for the control of H. hampei. The compounds were tested at a concentration of 3.0% (v v -1 ). The median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) was estimated with Probit analysis. The oil of castor bean and extract of castor bean cake were also evaluated at concentrations of 3.0% (v v -1 ) and 3.0% (m v -1 ), respectively. The mortality rates for H. hampei caused by the ICA and the castor oil were 40.8 and 53.7%, with LC 50 values of 6.71 and 3.49% (v v -1 ), respectively. In the castor oil, the methyl esters of the fatty acids were palmitic (1.10%), linoleic (4.50%), oleic (4.02%), stearic (0.50%) and ricinoleic acids (88.04%). The extract of the castor bean cake was not toxic to H. hampei. The persistence of the castor oil in the environment was low, and the cause of mortality for H. hampei was most likely the blockage of the spiracles, which prevented the insects from breathing. ), respectivamente. No óleo de mamona foram identificados os ésteres metílicos dos ácidos graxos: palmítico (1,10%), linoleico (4,50%), oleico (4,02%), esteárico (0,50%) e ricinoleico (88,04%). O extrato da torta da semente de mamona não apresentou toxicidade sobre H. hampei. O óleo de mamona apresentou baixa persistência no ambiente. O óleo de mamona causou a mortalidade de H. hampei, sendo provavelmente devido ao bloqueio dos espiráculos, impedindo a respiração desse inseto.

-The aim of this research was to evaluate the biological behaviour of melonworm at different natural and artifi cial diets. Squash cultivar jacaré, cucumber, summer squash and an artifi cial diets developed by Hensley & Hammond for the sugarcane borer were tried. The research was carried out in the Laboratório de Entomologia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, in climatized room at 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and 14h photofase. The caterpillars fed on each substrate during the whole life cycle. Differences in duration of the larval period, larvae and pupae survival, adult longevity and number of eggs were registered between the substrates. The results show that the best diet for rearing is the artifi cial one. Between the natural diets the cucumber showed the best results.KEY WORDS: Insect, biology, natural diet, artifi cial diet RESUMO -Aspectos biológicos de Diaphania hyalinata L. foram estudados quando as lagartas foram criadas em dietas natural e artifi cial em condições de laboratório, a 25 ± 1ºC, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14h. Como dieta natural foi utilizada abóbora jacaré, pepino e abobrinha caserda e uma dieta artifi cial utilizada em criações de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.), desenvolvida por Hensley & Hammond. As lagartas de D. hyalinata foram colocadas nos diferentes substratos e criadas por todo o ciclo. Observaram-se diferenças na duração do período larval, sobrevivência das larvas e pupas, longevidade do adulto e número de ovos entre os substratos. A dieta artifi cial a que mostrou de modo geral, mais adequada para a criação de D. hyalinata. Entre as dietas naturais, o pepino foi o que se apresentou mais adequado para criação desta praga. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biologia, inseto, dieta natural, dieta artifi cial As plantas olerícolas pertencentes à família das cucurbitáceas constituem alimento de grande importância econômica e social, principalmente em áreas tropicais, já que seus frutos possuem altos teores de açúcares, vitaminas e amido (Saturnino et al. 1982). Das espécies cultivadas no Brasil, as abóboras, melancias, melões e pepinos exigem grandes investimentos devido à freqüente ocorrência de pragas e doenças (Filgueira 2003).As brocas Diaphania nitidalis Cramer e Diaphania hyalinata L. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) são consideradas pragas-chave em cucurbitáceas, causando perdas que podem chegar, em algumas situações, até 100% de perdas da produção (Picanço & Marquini 1999, Picanço et al. 2000. Para contornar tais problemas, o controle dessas pragas tem sido tradicionalmente realizado através da aplicação de inseticidas químicos (Pratissoli 2002). O uso intensivo desses produtos pode provocar o ressurgimento da praga alvo, bem como o aparecimento de novas pragas, já que a maioria dos inseticidas utilizados possui amplo espectro biológico e persistência no ambiente, prejudicando a saúde do consumidor e dos profi ssionais envolvidos nos processos de produção (Brito et al. 2004).Objetivando a busca de medidas alternativas ao cont...

Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) can control Diaphania hyalinata Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). On the other hand, pesticides may reduce the efficiency of natural enemies. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of fungicides used in the production of cucurbitaceous crops on Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner parasitizing D. hyalinata eggs. The fungicides used in bioassays were: azoxystrobin (0.08 g active ingredient) and thiophanate-methyl (0.49 g ai L -1 ). Cardboards with 30 D. hyalinata eggs previously immersed in fungicide solutions and distilled water (control) were offered separately to 20 newly emerged T. atopovirilia females in glass tubes. Parasitism, parasitism reduction, emergence, sex ratio, and number of individuals per egg were evaluated. The fungicides chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and tebuconazole reduced parasitism of T. atopovirilia by 43.37, 27.64 and 18.51%, respectively. However, parasitism with azoxystrobin (79.21%) was higher than the control (67.37%) (P ≤ 0.05). Chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl and tebuconazole reduced emergence by 73.77, 75.62 and 79.35% (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl reduced the sex ratio by 0.77 and 0.76 (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Fungicides did not reduce the number of individuals per egg. The fungicides azoxystrobin and mancozeb were selective for T. atopovirilia for most studied parameters suggesting that these products must have the priority in crop disease management to allow efficient biological control of T. atopovirilia against D. hyalinata.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do óleo de mamona sobre a broca-grande do tomateiro, Helicoverpa zea, e sobre o parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum. Foi determinada a mortalidade larval da broca, que foi submetida ao óleo de mamona por ingestão e contato às concentrações 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0, 2,5 e 3,0% (v v -1 ). A ação do óleo de mamona sobre T. pretiosum foi determinada mediante testes de seletividade e suscetibilidade. As maiores mortalidades de larvas foram observadas no tratamento por contato com as menores concentrações (0,5 e 1,0%), enquanto com as concentrações intermediárias (1,5; 2,0 e 2,5%), não houve diferença entre as vias de aplicação. À maior concentração testada (3,0%), o tratamento por ingestão proporcionou mortalidade superior àquela obtida por contato. O número de ovos parasitados por T. pretiosum, no teste de seletividade, foi afetado negativamente pelo óleo de mamona, contudo, os demais parâmetros avaliados quanto à seletividade e à suscetibilidade não foram afetados. O óleo de mamona reduz a sobrevivência de larvas de H. zea tanto por ingestão quanto por contato. Além disso, não prejudica o desenvolvimento de T. pretiosum, desde que as pulverizações sejam realizadas após as liberações do parasitoide.Termos para indexação: Ricinus communis, broca-grande, parasitoide de ovos. Toxicity of Castor bean oil on Helicoverpa zea and Trichogramma pretiosumAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of castor bean oil on the tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea, and on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum. Mortality of tomato fruitworm was determined for larvae subjected to castor bean oil ingestion and contact at concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 e 3.0% (v v -1 ). The castor bean oil action on T. pretiosum was determined by selectivity and susceptibility tests. The greatest larvae mortalities were observed in the treatment by contact with the lowest concentrations (0.5 and 1.0%), while at intermediate concentrations (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%) there were no differences between the ways of application. At the highest tested concentration of castor bean oil (3.0%), the ingestion treatment caused a higher mortality, in comparison to the treatment by contact. The number of eggs parasitized by T. pretiosum was negatively affected by castor bean oil in the selectivity test; however, other evaluated parameters for selectivity and susceptibility were not affected. Castor bean oil reduces survival of H. zea larvae both by ingestion and contact. In addition, it does not affect the development of T. pretiosum, since sprayings are performed after releasing of the parasitoid.

Selectivity of pesticides used in cucurbits to Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)The cucurbit borers Diaphania spp. are major cucurbit pests, causing losses of up to 100% in production. Biological control with the parasitoid Trichogramma is an alternative for reducing the use of insecticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of the active ingredients abamectin, chlorfenapyr and thiacloprid to Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). For this purpose, 20 newly emerged females of T. atopovirilla were confined individually in glass tubes (2.5 cm diameter x 8.5 cm in length), with 30 eggs of Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) glued on a small cardboard strip that was previously immersed for five seconds in chemical solution. The active ingredients abamectin, chlorfenapyr and thiacloprid did not affect the T. atopovirilia parasitism. However, chlorfenapyr reduced larval emergence. Abamectin and thiacloprid can be therefore recommended for the Integrated Pest Management, as they proved to be the most selective to T. atopovirilia in D. hyalinata eggs.