RESUMOEntre os fatores climáticos que interferem na erosão hídrica, a precipitação pluvial, expressa pela erosividade da chuva, é o de maior importância. Portanto, seu conhecimento torna-se fundamental na recomendação de práticas de manejo e conservação do solo que visem à redução da erosão hídrica. Nesse contexto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) determinar a erosividade da chuva e sua distribuição, na região do Vale do Rio Doce, MG, para nove sub-regiões; b) estimar o índice EI 30 Termos para indexação: Erosividade, planejamento conservacionista, coeficiente da chuva, período de retorno da chuva. ABSTRACTAmong the climatic factors that interfere in water erosion, precipitation, expressed by the rainfall erosivity, is of great importance. Therefore, its knowledge becomes fundamental for the recommendation for soil management and conservation practices that seek the reduction of water erosion. In that context, the objectives of this work were: a) to determine the rainfall erosivity and its distribution at Rio Doce Valley, Minas Gerais State, for nine sub-regions, b) to estimate the monthly EI 30 index in the period from 1969 to 2005 for Ferros and Guanhães counties, and c) to determine the return periods of the monthly and yearly erosivity indexes. The average erosivity value obtained was 12.913 MJ mm ha -1 h -1 year -1 , being classified as very high. Among the sub-regions, the erosivity values varied from 8.243 to 26.676 MJ mm ha -1 h -1 year -1 . The critical periods in relation to water erosion due to the occurrence of erosive rains are January-March and November-December, contributing with 88.6% of the annual erosivity. From April to October, the occurrence of critical erosivity practically does not exist. The estimated individual maximum values for the return periods of 1, 10, 50, and 150 years were of 5. 508, 15.534, 18.110, 19.632, and 5.542, 17.653, 20.954, 22.931 MJ mm ha -1 h -1 year -1 for Ferros and Guanhães, respectively. The determination of the erosivity values throughout the year allows to identify the months in which the risks of soil and water losses are higher, which is important for planning the conservation practices.

R ESU M ONeste trabalho foram avaliados fatores relacionados com a suscetibilidade a erosão em entressulcos de um Neossolo Litólico submetido a diferentes intensidades de uso e manejo do solo. O experimento foi realizado em condições de laboratório, utilizando-se amostras deformadas de solo colocadas em parcelas experimentais (0,23 m . O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em que foram aplicadas chuvas simuladas com intensidade de 100 mm h -1 para os seguintes tratamentos: (I) solo cultivado com fumo sob preparo convencional (PC); (II) solo cultivado com fumo sob plantio direto (PD) e (III) solo sob mata nativa (MN). Para avaliar a suscetibilidade a erosão em entressulcos utilizaram-se índices referentes à relação energia cinética total (chuva e escoamento) sobre perda de solo, taxa média de desagregação e índice de estabilidade de agregados, cujos resultados mostraram que os fatores relacionados com a suscetibilidade a erosão em entressulcos estão associados não apenas com características e propriedades que conferem coesividade ao solo, mas, também, com condicionantes que afetam a hidráulica do escoamento e, consequentemente, a fase de transporte dos sedimentos. . The experimental design was in randomized blocks. Simulated rainfall intensity of 100 mm h -1 was applied to the following treatments: (I) conventionally tilled soil; (II) no-till soil; and (III) native forest soil. Total kinetic energy (rainfall and runoff) to soil loss, average rate of detachment, and aggregate stability indexes were used to assess susceptibility to interrill erosion. Results show that the factors related with the susceptibility to interrill erosion are associated not just to the characteristics and properties that confer cohesivity to soil, but also to those factors that affect runoff hydraulics and therefore the sediment transport phase as well.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial variability of resistance to penetration in soil under sugarcane crops subjected to different harvest methods in the North Coast microregion of the state of Paraiba, Brazil. The study was conducted in a Typic Hapludult under sugarcane crops, at the farms Santa Emília-II and Maria da Luz-I of the company Miriri Food and Bioenergy S/A, in the municipalities of Rio Tinto and Capim, respectively, state of Paraíba, Brazil. Three sugarcane areas with different harvest methods (manual, mechanized, and manual/mechanized) were selected. The sampling was done in plots of 100 × 100 m, using a grid of 20 × 20 m, covering planting rows and interrows; each intersection point of the grid was georeferenced, and the soil mechanic resistance to penetration was evaluated with the aid of an impact penetrometer (IAA/Planalsucar-Stolf) up to the depth of 0-0.6 m. Soil disturbed and undisturbed samples from the 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers were collected for analyses of soil moisture, texture, clay dispersed in water, flocculation degree. A pure nugget effect was found in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.4-0.5 m soil layers in the rows of the areas with manual/mechanized harvest. The spherical model was found for most conditions evaluated. The results for the areas were similar, with amplitude of 25-49 m, indicating that the harvest management had no effect on the soil resistance to penetration. No compacted areas were found, and the spatial dependency of the resistance to penetration was characterized as moderate to strong.

Integrated agricultural production systems, involving agriculture, livestock, and forest are strategies that improve soil quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the integrated crop-livestock-forest system (ICLF) on water availability of a Planosol in the Agreste region of the state of Paraíba (PB), Brazil. The experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the Agricultural Research Company of Paraíba (EMEPA), in Alagoinha, PB. The soil evaluated was a Eutric Planosol, with a moderate A horizon. The following intercrops (treatments) were implemented in June 2015: I. Gliricidia sepium + Brachiaria decumbens; II. Mimosa caesalpiniifolia + Brachiaria decumbens; III. Tabebuia alba + Brachiaria decumbens; IV. Zea mays + Brachiaria decumbens; and V. Brachiaria decumbens. A randomized block experimental design was used, with five treatments. The analyzed variables were field capacity, permanent wilting point, soil available water, granulometry, degree of flocculation, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, resistance to penetration, and aggregate stability index. The results showed that the water availability in the ICLF implemented in the Agreste region of Paraíba had no significant variation after three years. After the three-year period, the ICLF promoted no significant physical improvement in the attributes of the evaluated Planosol.

RESUMO O sistema de manejo, quando adotado de forma incorreta pode ocasionar à degradação física, química e biológica do solo, principalmente na ausência de cobertura vegetal. A escolha da gramínea é parte fundamental nos sitemas de produção, principalmente quanto a produção de matéria seca e a deposição de carbono ao solo, favorecendo a recuperação de ambientes degradados. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o estoque de carbono e a retenção hídrica em biomassa de gramíneas cultivadas no agreste da Paraíba. O experimento foi instalado em área experimental do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia (PB) (6°58'12''S; 35°41'15''W). O delineamento foi de blocos casualisados composto pelos seguintes tratamentos T1-Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., T2-Brachiaria brizantha, T3-Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick vr., T4-Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5-Vitória e T5-Sem cobertura vegetal. As variáveis analisadas foram: carbono orgânico total, estoque de carbono, produção de matéria seca e reteção hídrica na matéria seca. De acordo com os resultados, a Brachiaria brizantha foi superior na produção de matéria seca e na capacidade de retenção hídrica. O carbono orgânico total e o estoque de carbono não variaram entre os tratamentos avaliados. Palavras-chave: Brachiaria brizantha, cobertura do solo, retenção hídrica, matéria orgânica.