This paper aims to analyze nurses' role in tuberculosis control from the perspective of equity in the context of Latin American countries. Tuberculosis is frequently associated with poverty, but many other determinants play an important role in its prevalence. Latin American countries fight against the presence of this illness and nursing professionals play a protagonist role in TB control, proposing comprehensive interventions in different spheres -individuals, families and society. The focus of nursing intervention ranges from public policy proposals, based on epidemiological research, through the establishment of multi-sector programs, to direct care and client education at the operative level. Different professional nursing institutions can play a decisive role in this problem' integral approach, both in national and international scopes. This requires the establishment of educative, social, technical and politically integrated support networks. O papel da enfermagem no controle da tuberculose: uma discussão sob a perspectiva da equidade O objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar o papel do profissional da enfermagem no controle da tuberculose, sob a perspectiva da equidade, no âmbito dos países da América Latina. A tuberculose está frequentemente associada à pobreza, mas muitos outros determinantes contribuem de modo importante para sua prevalência. Os países sulamericanos lutam contra essa enfermidade e a enfermagem possui papel de protagonista no controle desse problema, reivindicando intervenções integrais, voltadas para as diferentes esferas: individual, familiar e social. A intervenção da enfermagem é enfocada desde o desenho das políticas públicas, com base em estudos epidemiológicos, mediante a implementação de programas multissetoriais, até a assistência direta e a educação dos usuários no plano operativo. Diferentes instituições profissionais da enfermagem podem desenvolver atuação decisiva para a abordagem integral do problema, no âmbito nacional e internacional, devendo, para isso, estabelecer redes de apoio integradas às dimensões educativas, social, técnica e política.Descritores: Tuberculose; Inequidade Social; Enfermagem.El rol de la enfermería em el control de la tuberculosis: uma discusión desde la perspectiva de la equidad El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el rol de la enfermera en el control de la tuberculosis desde la perspectiva de la equidad, en el ámbito de los países latinoamericanos. La tuberculosis está asociada frecuentemente con la pobreza, pero muchos otros determinantes juegan un rol importante en su prevalencia. Los países latinoamericanos luchan contra la presencia de esta enfermedad y la enfermería juega un rol protagónico en el control de este problema planteando intervenciones integrales en diferentes esferas del individuo, de la familia y de la sociedad. La intervención de enfermería se extiende desde el planteamiento de políticas públicas, basadas en estudios de base epidemiológica, mediante la implementación de programas multisectoriales, hasta la atención d...

One-on-one counseling can be an effective strategy to improve patient adherence to HIV treatment, however a definitive systematic review demonstrating the critical components of one-on-one counselling for HIV treatment adherence has not been conducted. The aim of this systematic review is to examine articles with one-on-one counseling-based interventions, review their components and effectiveness in improving antiretroviral treatment adherence in HIV-infected patients. A systematic review, using the following criteria was performed: (i) experimental studies; (ii) published in Spanish, English or Portuguese; (iii) with interventions consisting primarily of counseling; (iv) adherence as the main outcome; (v) published between 2005 and 2016; (vi) targeted 18 to 60 year old, independent of gender or sexual identity. The author reviewed bibliographic databases: Literatura Peruana en Ciencias de la Salud (LIPECS), Literatura Latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), LATINDEX, Scientific Library online (Scielo), Virtual Health Library (VHL), CUIDEN, US National Library of Medicine (PubMed, PubMed Central), the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Articles were analyzed according to the type of study, type of intervention, period of intervention, theoretical basis for intervention, time used in each counseling session and its outcomes. A total of 1790 records were identified. Nine studies were selected for the review, these applied different types of individual counseling interventions and were guided by different theoretical frameworks. Counseling was applied lasting between 4 to 18 months and these were supervised through three to six sessions over the study period. Individual counseling sessions lasted from 7.5 to 90 minutes (Me. 37.5). Six studies demonstrated significant improvement in treatment. Counseling is effective in improving adherence to ART, but methods vary. Face-to-face and computer counseling showed efficacy in improving the adherence, but not the telephone counseling. More evidence that can determine a basic counseling model without losing the individualized intervention for people with HIV is required.

Objective: to determine the contents that must be included in the usual counseling to improve the adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV patients, according to their different levels of alcohol consumption, and to determine the validity of the Counseling Guide in improving the adherence to ART in patients who consume alcohol using Implementation Science. Method: this is an observational study with formative and validation phases. The formative phase defined the content, approach and structure of the counseling. Validation included focus groups with patients and nurses, trial process by an expert and a pilot test. The criteria evaluated based on Implementation Science were: intervention source, evidence strength and quality, relative advantage, and complexity. The following criteria were also evaluated: usefulness, practicality, acceptability, sustainability, effectiveness; content consistency and congruence; procedural compliance and difficulties, and time spent in counseling. Results: the strength of evidence of the counseling is High-IIA, with strong level of recommendation and presenting usefulness, practicality, acceptability, sustainability and effectiveness. Eight in 11 experts argued that the Guide is clear, consistent and congruent. Initial counseling takes around 24 minutes; and follow-up counseling, 21. The instruments of the Guide present reliability levels between good and high (0.65 ≥ alpha ≤ 0.92). Conclusion: the Counseling Guide is valid to improve the adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients who consume alcohol.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el aporte del Proyecto de la Secretaría Ejecutiva/Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas/Secretaría de Seguridad Multidimensional/Organización de los Estados Americanos con las Escuelas de Enfermería a través del análisis de la evidencia científica generada en América Latina. El estudio es del tipo exploratorio. Se analizaron 263 estudios realizados por docentes participantes del proyecto, publicados en revistas científicas, las tesis, y las disertaciones. Se rastreó la producción en bases de datos bibliográficas. Los resultados indicaran que los estudios publicados fueron en Brasil (31,18%), 21,67% en México y 9,89% en Perú. La Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México, e la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil y la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Perú, tuvieron la mayor producción científica en drogas. 191 estudios tuvieron diseños cuantitativos, 62 cualitativos y 10 cuali-cuantitativos. Los datos indicaran que el Proyecto tuve un papel importante en el desarrollo de las evidencias científicas en drogas producidos por las escuelas de enfermería en América Latina.