No abstract

Lean manufacturing is essential for any company to remain competitive in the global business market. Companies in Singapore's shipbuilding industry encountering fierce competition from overseas shipyards that have lower operating costs have now started to explore lean manufacturing in an attempt to lower their costs and improve the level of manufacturing quality while continuing to deliver high value to customers. Despite the importance of lean manufacturing to the shipping industry, few organizations in Singapore have succeeded in lean implementation. Thus, this study tries to explain the barriers to lean manufacturing as well as provide clarity and guidance to the companies aiming to adopt this practice to strengthen the probability of their success in its implementation.

Despite the increasing attention paid to LEGO® as a learning tool rather than a child's toy, teaching practices and methodologies for using LEGO® vary according to educational contexts. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the various educational contexts of LEGO® usage in higher education and to identify trends in teaching practices. A systematic literature review was conducted on the use of LEGO® bricks in education and training using an exploratory sampling approach. A total of 298 articles were explored in internationally recognized journal databases using keyword search, and 26 articles were selected for a detailed review. We found a clear distinction in LEGO® usage between learning facilitation and thinking facilitation, as well as between individual application and group application. A simple typology with four quadrants is proposed based on our findings to help novice educators introduce LEGO® into their pedagogical designs.