The gular gland is a skin gland located in the suprasternal region of adult males of some bat families. Knowledge of the morphology and functional aspects of these gland types is often limited. This study aimed to describe the structure and composition of the gular glands of three molossid species (Eumops patagonicus, Molossus fluminensis and Molossus molossus) with respect to their reproductive activity and to define the mechanism involved in secretion release. Different histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques were used to achieve these goals. The results revealed that the size and composition of this gland are variable and are mostly related to the lipid content during the reproductive season. The results also documented, for the first time, the occurrence of mechanoreceptors associated with the surface of the glandular duct by detecting an S100 protein, indicating that an external stimulus activates secretion. Previous studies on other species have classified the gland using obsolete criteria; hence, we adopted a new classification of adenomeres in this study. Moreover, we investigated the gland secretion mechanism previously proposed. This study defines the implications of this gland in the reproduction of this species. Our preliminary interpretation of the function of the gular gland is that it is a cutaneous exocrine gland activated by mechanoreceptors involved in the reproductive behaviour of the Molossidae family.
Se han descrito áreas alopécicas en la zona lateral y medial del metatarso de los camélidos sudamericanos, y se les ha denominado “glándulas metatarsales”, análogas a las presentes en los cérvidos. En este estudio, se colectaron muestras de tejido de la región metatarsal de 8 especímenes (6 alpacas adultas y dos fetos [5 y 8 meses]) en el camal de Sicuani, Cusco (Perú), y fueron fijadas en formol tamponado al 10% y procesadas mediante la técnica histológica estándar. Seis muestras fueron teñidas con Hematoxilina-Eosina, PAS y Tricrómico de Golden Masson, y fueron evaluadas posteriormente mediante microscopía de campo claro, y dos muestras de alpacas adultas fueron procesadas mediante corte por congelación con un criostato y posterior tinción lipídica diferencial con rojo Nilo y contraste nuclear con Hoescht 33342, evaluándose mediante microscopio de fluorescencia. Se observó un tejido epidérmico alto, conformado por células principales del tipo lipoqueratinocitos, con presencia de vacuolas de contenido lipídico (rojo Nilo). La epidermis presenta proyecciones columnares que se acercan hacia la superficie epidérmica, sirviendo de tejido de sostén y nutricio al contener capilares y presencia de fibras colágenas; la lámina basal de la epidermis presenta papilas que dan origen a dichas proyecciones. En las muestras fetales se observa la misma estructura, pero con menor altura, además de presentarse la membrana epidermal descrita en fetos de camélidos. Se concluye que estas estructuras no son compatibles con tejido glandular al no presentar acinos glandulares ni conductos secretores, determinándose como un epitelio glandular modificado con secreción de naturaleza sebáceo - lipídica.
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