Background: Cancer patients have to undergo a difficult medical therapy and are also confronted with various psychological, social and economic problems. Support is available from many providers, but patients often gain no access to it. Accordingly, there is a need for a single point of contact that can provide advice, information and assistance. In the state of Saarland, Germany, a supportive new consulting and information path (PIKKO) for all types of cancer is currently evaluated by the German Cancer Society, the Cancer Society of the Saarland, three statutory health insurances and the Jena University Hospital. PIKKO is designed to improve quality of life, self-efficacy, health literacy and patient satisfaction and to reduce psychological distress, related health care costs and the days of inability to work. This methodical work presents the process and analysis planning of this evaluation.
Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Seit mehreren Jahren werden Lotsenansätze zur patientenorientierten Versorgungskoordination in unterschiedlichen Modellprojekten erprobt. Diese Studie soll beantworten, welche projektübergreifenden Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich Zugangsvoraussetzungen, organisatorischer Rahmenbedingungen und Zielgruppen gewonnen werden konnten und welche Implikationen sich hieraus für den Transfer in die bundesweite Regelversorgung ergeben.
Methodik Die erforderlichen Daten wurden in einem qualitativ-explorativen Forschungsdesign erhoben. Es wurden leitfadengestützte Interviews mit 14 einschlägigen Experten geführt, aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Haupteinsatzgebiet laut den Experten sind komplexe Behandlungssettings sowie Patientengruppen mit besonderem Unterstützungsbedarf. Neben einer Ausbildung und Berufserfahrung im Bereich der Humandienstleistungen, ist eine sozialrechtliche Schulung als Zugangsvoraussetzung sinnvoll. Auch eine klare Definition und Abgrenzung des Tätigkeitsprofils sowie eine Verzahnung mit der ambulanten und stationären Versorgung wurden mehrfach als hilfreich genannt. Die Experten waren sich weitestgehend darüber einig, dass Patientenlotsen strukturell in der GKV angesiedelt werden sollten. Eine Finanzierungsbeteiligung anderer Sozialversicherungssysteme sei aufgrund inhaltlicher Überschneidungen jedoch angemessen.
Schlussfolgerung Patientenlotsen unterstützen bedürftige Patienten bei der Koordination komplexer Versorgungsbedarfe und leisten damit einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung von Effektivität und Effizienz der Gesundheitsversorgung. Nachdem eine Vielzahl von praktischen Erkenntnissen zum Einsatz von Patientenlotsen in entsprechenden Modellprojekten gewonnen werden konnte, erscheint eine Übertragung in die bundesweite Regelversorgung nun geboten.
In Germany, the incidence of cervical cancer, a disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV), is higher than in neighboring European countries. HPV vaccination has been recommended for girls since 2007. However, it continues to be significantly less well received than other childhood vaccines, so its potential for cancer prevention is not fully realized. To find new starting points for improving vaccination rates, we analyzed pseudonymized routine billing data from statutory health insurers in the PRÄZIS study (prevention of cervical carcinoma and its precursors in women in Saarland) in the federal state Saarland serving as a model region. We show that lowering the HPV vaccination age to 9 years led to more completed HPV vaccinations already in 2015. Since then, HPV vaccination rates and the proportion of 9- to 11-year-old girls among HPV-vaccinated females have steadily increased. However, HPV vaccination rates among 15-year-old girls in Saarland remained well below 50% in 2019. Pediatricians vaccinated the most girls overall, with a particularly high proportion at the recommended vaccination age of 9–14 years, while gynecologists provided more HPV catch-up vaccinations among 15-17-year-old girls, and general practitioners compensated for HPV vaccination in Saarland communities with fewer pediatricians or gynecologists. We also provide evidence for a significant association between attendance at the children´s medical check-ups “U11” or “J1” and HPV vaccination. In particular, participation in HPV vaccination is high on the day of U11. However, obstacles are that U11 is currently not financed by all statutory health insurers and there is a lack of invitation procedures for both U11 and J1, resulting in significantly lower participation rates than for the earlier U8 or U9 screenings, which are conducted exclusively with invitations and reminders. Based on our data, we propose to restructure U11 and J1 screening in Germany, with mandatory funding for U11 and organized invitations for HPV vaccination at U11 or J1 for both boys and girls.
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