The Internet of Things (IoT) is a ubiquitous system connecting many different devices -the things -which can be accessed from the distance. The cyber-physical systems (CPS) monitor and control the things from the distance. As a result, the concepts of dependability and security get deeply intertwined. The increasing level of dynamicity, heterogeneity, and complexity adds to the system's vulnerability, and challenges its ability to react to faults. This paper summarizes state-of-the-art of existing work on anomaly detection, fault-tolerance and self-healing, and adds a number of other methods applicable to achieve resilience in an IoT. We particularly focus on non-intrusive methods ensuring data integrity in the network. Furthermore, this paper presents the main challenges in building a resilient IoT for CPS which is crucial in the era of smart CPS with enhanced connectivity (an excellent example of such a system is connected autonomous vehicles). It further summarizes our solutions, work-in-progress and future work to this topic to enable "Trustworthy IoT for CPS". Finally, this framework is illustrated on a selected use case: A smart sensor infrastructure in the transport domain.
We study a one-dimensional helical system with random Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Using renormalization group methods, we derive a consistent set of flow equations governing the important control parameters of the backscattering process. Thereby, we prove the existence of disorder-induced two-particle backscattering that can even be non-local in space. This analysis allows us to derive the scaling form of the conductance at low temperatures. We find that two-particle backscattering due to random spin-orbit coupling differs from the one off a single Rashba impurity by both the scaling of the conductance with the temperature and the relevance of the backscattering operators.
We present the interplay between synchronization of unidirectional coupled chaotic nodes with heterogeneous delays and the greatest common divisor (GCD) of loops composing the oriented graph. In the weak-chaos region and for GCD = 1 the network is in chaotic zero-lag synchronization, whereas for GCD = m > 1 synchronization of m-sublattices emerges. Complete synchronization can be achieved when all chaotic nodes are influenced by an identical set of delays and in particular for the limiting case of homogeneous delays. Results are supported by simulations of chaotic systems, self-consistent and mixing arguments, as well as analytical solutions of Bernoulli maps.
We study the effect of localized magnetic moments on the conductance of a helical edge. Interaction with a local moment is an effective backscattering mechanism for the edge electrons. We evaluate the resulting differential conductance as a function of temperature T and applied bias V for any value of V /T . Backscattering off magnetic moments, combined with the weak repulsion between the edge electrons results in a power-law temperature and voltage dependence of the conductance; the corresponding small positive exponent is indicative of insulating behavior. Local moments may naturally appear due to charge disorder in a narrow-gap semiconductor. Our results provide an alternative interpretation of the recent experiment by Li et al.1 where a power-law suppression of the conductance was attributed to strong electron repulsion within the edge, with the value of Luttinger liquid parameter K fine-tuned close to 1/4.
Silicene consists of a monolayer of silicon atoms in a buckled honeycomb structure. It was recently discovered that the symmetry of such a system allows for interesting Rashba spin-orbit effects. A perpendicular electric field is able to couple to the sublattice pseudospin, making it possible to electrically tune and close the band gap. Therefore, external electric fields may generate a topological phase transition from a topological insulator to a normal insulator (or semimetal) and vice versa. The contribution of the present paper to the study of silicene is twofold. Firstly, we perform a group theoretical analysis to systematically construct the Hamiltonian in the vicinity of the K points of the Brillouin zone and find an additional, electric field induced spin-orbit term, that is allowed by symmetry. Subsequently, we identify a tight-binding model that corresponds to the group theoretically derived Hamiltonian near the K points. Secondly, we start from this tight-binding model to analyze the topological phase diagram of silicene by an explicit calculation of the Z 2 topological invariant of the band structure. To this end, we calculate the Z 2 topological invariant of the honeycomb lattice in a manifestly gauge invariant way which allows us to include S z symmetry breaking terms-like Rashba spin-orbit interaction-into the topological analysis. Interestingly, we find that the interplay of a Rashba and an intrinsic spin-orbit term can generate a non-trivial quantum spin Hall phase in silicene. This is in sharp contrast to the more extensively studied honeycomb
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