Increasing demands on mobility and transport, but limited space above ground, lead to new traffic routes being built, even more underground in the form of tunnels. In addition to improving the traffic situation, tunnels offer the possibility of contributing to climate-friendly heating by indirectly serving as geothermal power plants. In this study, the geothermal potential of the future longest railway tunnel in the world, the Brenner Base Tunnel, was evaluated. At the Brenner Base Tunnel, warm water naturally flows from the apex of the tunnel towards the city of Innsbruck, Austria. In order to estimate its geothermal potential, hydrological data of discharge rates and temperatures were investigated and analyzed. The investigations indicated the highest geothermal potential in the summertime, while the lowest occurs during winter. It could be shown that these variations were a result of cooling during discharge through areas of low overburden (mid mountain range), where the tunnel atmosphere is increasingly influenced by the air temperatures outside the tunnel. Nevertheless, the calculations showed that there will be a usable potential after completion of the tunnel.
Tiefliegende Tunnel sind in der Regel lange Tunnelsysteme, die als drainierend wirkende Tunnelbauwerke unterschiedliche hydrogeologische Komplexe queren. In einem Tunnel kommt es somit zu Wasserzutritten mit sehr unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften. Die aus den Wasserzutritten gebildeten Tunnelwasser-Abflüsse, die einzelne Abschnitte des Tunnelsystems entwässern, weisen ebenso unterschiedliche Eigenschaften auf. Diese Abflüsse von einzelnen Tunnelabschnitten -Teilströme genannt -sind für eine effiziente Nutzung des geothermischen Potentials von tiefliegenden Tunneln von Bedeutung. Erkenntnisse über den Ursprung der Teilströme und deren Eigenschaften erlauben durch ein gezieltes Tunnelwasser-Management die geothermische Nutzung des Wassers tiefliegender Tunnel zu optimieren. Unter Voraussetzung, dass die Teilströme überwacht werden, können verschiedene "Misch-Szenarien" berechnet und damit eine Optimierung der geothermischen Nutzung erzielt werden. Am Beispiel des Brenner Basistunnels (BBT) wird das Konzept der Teilströme in Hinsicht Evaluierung des geothermischen Potentials vorgestellt.
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