Purpose
Performance-based contracting (PBC) is a business model for the adaptive and innovative delivery of product-service systems. In PBC, the provider is paid according to the service performance with the aim of providing monetary incentives to safeguard possible outcomes as much as possible for the PBC customer. Performance measurement and its management are crucial for PBC success and, in particular, for the pay-for-performance link. However, the literature on PBC performance management is rather sparse, and there has been no systematic review on the topic. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to fill that gap and to present a comprehensive and systematic review of performance measurement and management in the PBC context.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper builds on a literature review based on a sample of 102 subject-relevant articles from academic journals. The content analysis follows a two-step procedure. First, the articles are coded following a process-based research framework. Second, the content of each process step is assessed in a qualitative text analysis.
Findings
The results show a surprising scarcity of papers that explicitly address performance management topics in the context of PBC. Only the topics of performance specification and performance indicators are broadly addressed, whereas in all of the other areas, e.g., strategic alignment, data capture and reporting, only limited specific findings could be found.
Research limitations/implications
The paper concludes that future research on performance management in PBC should expand its theoretical framework and empirical efforts in four specific proposed directions.
Originality/value
The paper provides an up-to-date review that is focused on performance management and measurement in the emerging context of PBC.
Die Forschung zu organisationaler Kontrolltheorie unterscheidet traditionell zwischen ergebnis- und verhaltensorientierten Steuerungsansätzen. Während verhaltensorientierte Ansätze in ihrer notwendigen Detaillierung dann an ihre Grenzen stoßen, wenn die Komplexität in Vorhaben kaum mehr überschaubar wird, sind ergebnisorientierte Ansätze auf eine hohe Verlässlichkeit, Stichhaltigkeit und Präzision der Messgrößen angewiesen. Dieser scheinbare Gegensatz führte dazu, dass lange Zeit ein Ansatz dem anderen konfrontativ gegenübergestellt worden ist. Eine komplementäre Nutzung wird erst seit vergleichsweise kurzer Zeit diskutiert. Diese Lücke greift dieser Beitrag auf und stellt am Beispiel von ergebnisorientierten Anreiz-verträgen – sogenannten Performance-Based Contracts (PBC) – vor, wie die Kennzahlen der Verträge (ergebnisorientierter Ansatz) einem zusätzlichen Performance Measurement (verhaltensorientierter Ansatz) bedürfen.
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