The number of smart things is growing exponentially. By 2020, tens of billions of things will be deployed worldwide, collecting a wealth of diverse data. Traditional computing models collect in-field data and then transmit it to a central data center where analytics are applied to it, but this is no longer a sustainable model. New approaches and new technologies are required to transform enormous amounts of collected data into meaningful information. Technology also will enable the interconnection around things in the IoT ecosystem but further research is required in the development, convergence and interoperability of the different IoT elements. In this paper, we provide a picture of the main technological components needed to enable the interconnection among things in order to realize IoT concepts and applications.978-1-4799-5344-8/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE

Internet of Things (IoT) is a socio-technical phenomena with the power to disrupt our society such as the Internet before. IoT promises the (inter-) connection of myriad of things proving services to humans and machines. It is expected that by 2020 tens of billions of things will be deployed worldwide. It became evident that the traditional centralized computing and analytic approach does not provide a sustainable model this new type of data. A new kind of architecture is needed as a scalable and trusted platform underpinning the expansion of IoT. The data gathered by the things will be often noisy, unstructured and real-time requiring a decentralized structure storing and analysing the vast amount of data.In this paper, we provide an overview of the current IoT challenges, will give a summary of funded IoT projects in Europe, USA, and China. Additionally, it will provide detailed insights into three IoT architectures stemming from such projects.

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Future applications of mobile robot teams or robot teleoperation require highly dynamic network topologies. One promising approach is the use of relay nodes in wireless ad-hoc networks which require special routing protocols to provide a transparent communication network to the user. This work tests and compares four different existing ad-hoc routing protocol implementations with respect to aspects of mobile robot teleoperation. The reactive routing protocols Ad-hoc Ondemand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), the proactive Optimized Link State routing (OLSR) and B.A.T.M.A.N. are used in test scenarios to command a mobile robot via an ad-hoc network of several communication relay nodes. For all four ad-hoc routing protocols, the route reestablishing behavior is observed. In particular the packet loss and the duration of route reestablishing during test runs with real hardware in an outdoor environment are analyzed.

This paper deals with Industrial Control Systems (ICS) of the electrical sector and especially on the Smart Grid. This sector has been particularly active at establishing new standards to improve interoperability between all sector players, driven by the liberalization of the market and the introduction of distributed generation of energy. The paper provides a state-of-the-art analysis on architectures, technologies, communication protocols, applications, and information standards mainly focusing on substation automation in the transmission and distribution domain. The analysis shows that there is tremendous effort from the Smart Grid key stakeholders to improve interoperability across the different components managing an electrical grid, from field processes to market exchanges, allowing the information flowing more and more freely across applications and domains and creating opportunity for new applications that are not any more constraint to a single domain.