HIIT is a time-efficient strategy to decrease fat-mass deposits, including those of abdominal and visceral fat mass. There was some evidence of the greater effectiveness of HIIT running versus cycling, but owing to the wide variety of protocols used and the lack of full details about cycling training, further comparisons need to be made. Large, multicenter, prospective studies are required to establish the best HIIT protocols for reducing fat mass according to subject characteristics.

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Objective To assess the impact of controlled cord traction on the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and other characteristics of the third stage of labour in a high resource setting.Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Five university hospital maternity units in France.Participants Women aged 18 or more with a singleton fetus at 35 or more weeks' gestation and planned vaginal delivery.Interventions Women were randomly assigned to management of the third stage of labour by controlled cord traction or standard placenta expulsion (awaiting spontaneous placental separation before facilitating expulsion). Women in both arms received prophylactic oxytocin just after birth.Main outcome measure Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage ≥500 mL as measured in a collector bag. ResultsThe incidence of postpartum haemorrhage did not differ between the controlled cord traction arm (9.8%, 196/2005) and standard placenta expulsion arm (10.3%, 206/2008): relative risk 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.79 to 1.15). The need for manual removal of the placenta was significantly less frequent in the controlled cord traction arm (4.2%, 85/2033) compared with the standard placenta expulsion arm (6.1%, 123/2024): relative risk 0.69, 0.53 to 0.90); as was third stage of labour of more than 15 minutes (4.5%, 91/2030 and 14.3%, 289/2020, respectively): relative risk 0.31, 0.25 to 0.39. Women in the controlled cord traction arm reported a significantly lower intensity of pain and discomfort during the third stage than those in the standard placenta expulsion arm. No uterine inversion occurred in either arm. ConclusionsIn a high resource setting, the use of controlled cord traction for the management of placenta expulsion had no significant effect on the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and other markers of postpartum blood loss. Evidence to recommend routine controlled cord traction for the management of placenta expulsion to prevent postpartum haemorrhage is therefore lacking.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01044082. IntroductionPostpartum haemorrhage remains a major complication of childbirth worldwide.1 Population based studies in high resource countries report a prevalence of severe postpartum haemorrhage of 0.5% to 1% of deliveries, 2-5 making it the main component of severe maternal morbidity. Uterine atony is the leading cause of postpartum haemorrhage, accounting for 60-80% of cases. 6Prevention of atonic postpartum haemorrhage is thus crucial, Active management of the third stage of labour has been proposed for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. 7 The standard definition for active management combines three procedures: an oxytocic drug administered immediately after birth, early cord clamping and cutting, and controlled cord traction. Several trials [8][9][10][11] in a meta-analysis 12 showed that active management of the third stage of labour is associated with a 60% reduction in the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage compared with expectant management. Given its efficacy, active management of the t...