International audienceThroughout this paper, we reviewed the most popular thermal comfort models and methods of assessing thermal comfort in buildings and vehicular spaces. Most of them are limited to specific steady state, thermally homogenous environments and only a few of them address human responses to both non-uniform and transient conditions with a detailed thermo-regulation model. Some of them are defined by a series of international standards which stayed unchanged for more than a decade. The article proposes a global approach, starting from the physiological reaction of the body in thermal stress conditions and ending with the model implementation. The physiological bases of thermal comfort are presented, followed by the main thermal comfort models and standards and finishing with the current methods of assessing thermal comfort in practice. Within the last part we will focus mainly on thermal manikin experimental studies, and on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) numerical approach, as in our opinion these methods will be mostly considered for future development in this field of researc

No abstract

The current worldwide energy directives are oriented toward reducing energy consumption and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The exponential increase in the production of electrified vehicles in the last decade are an important part of meeting global goals on the climate change. However, while no greenhouse gas emissions directly come from the operations of the electrical vehicles, the electrical vehicle production process results in much higher energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions than in the case of a classical internal combustion vehicle; thus, to reduce the environment impact of electrified vehicles, they should be used for as long as possible. Using only batteries for electric vehicles can lead to a shorter battery life for certain applications, such as in the case of those with many stops and starts but not only in these cases. To increase the lifespan of the batteries, couplings between the batteries and the supercapacitors for the new electrical vehicles in the form of the hybrid energy storage systems seems to be the most appropriate way. For this, there are four different types of converters, including rectifiers, inverters, AC-AC converters, and DC-DC converters. For a hybrid energy storage system to operate consistently, effectively, and safely, an appropriate realistic controller technique must be used; at the moment, a few techniques are being used on the market.

International audienceRenewable energy represents an attractive solution to fulfil two requirements: indoor air quality and energy efficiency. Passive solar systems are easy to implement and effective in areas with high solar potential. The Unglazed Transpired Solar Collector (UTSC) is made of metal cladding with perforations, installed at several centimetres from a building wall, creating thus a cavity, allowing to preheat the fresh air. Several measurements were performed on an innovative perforated solar wall model. This study is a preliminary approach of an analysis on the importance of the orifice shape of the perforated panel as a heat transfer influencing parameter. Both the fluid dynamics and thermal behaviours were investigated. The more complex dynamics of the lobed flows results in a better heat transfer rate. Changing the geometry of the perforations will increase on one hand the orifice’s perimeter and it would generate complex fluid dynamics, resulting in higher mixing between the primary flow and the ambient and thus a higher efficiency of heat recovery of these devices. The comparison of a conventional UTSC with a new geometry with innovative perforation leads to interesting results, with almost 40% increase in thermal efficiency