The present study is designed to propose values for developing civil servants' affective commitment to share knowledge in the workplace. The proposed values are faith, sincerity, trusting belief, trusting intention and emotional trust. The researchers have applied cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. It is found that faith and sincerity influenced the development of civil servants' affective commitment to share knowledge in the workplace significantly. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for the establishment of strategies to reduce operational costs in the public organization.

The present study is designed to propose values for developing civil servants' commitment to share ideas on how to reduce public organization cost and in turn commitment to implement cost reduction policy in the workplace. If civil servants feel that they have a moral obligation in paying back the country through remain with the employing public agencies they become receptive towards cost reduction policy. To instil this moral obligation this study proposes the elements of means, attitude towards leaders and attitude towards government. The researchers have applied cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. It is found that ISSN 2161-7104 2017 http://jpag.macrothink.org 39 attitude towards government influenced the development of civil servants' commitment to share knowledge in the workplace significantly. On the other hand, means and attitude towards government influenced the development of civil servants' commitment to implement cost reduction policy in the workplace significantly. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for the establishment of strategies to establish knowledge sharing commitment and cost reduction commitment amongst civil servants in the public organizations. Journal of Public Administration and Governance

This study examined the influence of civil servants’ attitude on engagement and participation in cost reduction policy implementation in Malaysian public organizations. Attitude was divided into two categories, namely, attitude towards leader and attitude towards government. Civil servant engagement in the workplace was treated as the mediating variable. All these values were included in the conceptual framework. Cross-sectional survey was adopted to validate the framework. The sample size for the population of this study was determined at 400. From the analysis it was found that attitude towards leader and attitude towards government influenced participation in cost reduction policy implementation and engagement significantly. Additionally, engagement mediated the relationships between attitude towards leader, attitude towards government and participation in cost reduction policy implementation. Lastly, it was found that engagement influenced participation in cost reduction policy implementation significantly. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for the participation in cost reduction policy implementation in public organizations.

The present study is designed to propose values for developing civil servants' affective commitment to support public organization cost reduction policy implementation. The proposed values are faith, sincerity, trusting belief, trusting intention and emotional trust. The researchers have applied cross-sectional survey research to validate the framework. It is found that faith, sincerity and emotional trust influenced the development of civil servants' ISSN 2377-3294 2018 http://jpmr.macrothink.org 2 affective commitment to support the implementation of public organization cost reduction policy significantly. The practical implications are the discovery of theoretical, personal, and workplace practical best practices for the establishment of strategies to reduce operational costs in the public organizations. Journal of Public Management Research

This study investigated categories of risks and success factors associated with water industry in Malaysia. Seven risk categories were proposed, which are technology, organization, economy, government, nature, crime and public. The proposed categories of success factors were regulatory agencies, water operators, financial, assets, human resource, contract and public. Categories of risks and success factors were developed based on the integration of theory of perceived risk (Bauer, 1960), risk items of Ameyaw (2015), stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory. To validate the proposed categories of risks and success factors, 100 questionnaires were distributed by post to the management personnel of water operators and 32 questionnaires were returned. Descriptive analysis and relative importance index were used to analyze the data. The results indicated highest agreement towards the occurrence of risk factors in term of technology, economy and public. However, there was a big gap between risks’ probability of occurrence and risk allocation and also between severity of risk factors and risk allocation amongst water operators in Malaysia. This highlights low awareness amongst water operators in Malaysia on water risk management. Additionally, the respondents considered all items of success factors as important. Implicit in these findings is that there is a need for the regulatory agencies to play an active role in promoting risk management awareness amongst water operators through campaign, workshop and training programs.