Opioid addiction is one of the most crucial issues in the world. Opioid abuse by parents makes children more prone to many psychological disorders such as drug addiction. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the effect of morphine exposure 10 days before gestation on morphine and methamphetamine preference in male offspring. Adult Wistar rats (male and female) received morphine orally for 21 days and were drug free for 10 days. Thereafter, they were allowed to mate with either a morphine-abstinent or drug-naive rat. The male offspring were tested for morphine and methamphetamine preference with a three-bottle choice test. Moreover, the rewarding effects of morphine and methamphetamine were evaluated using a conditioned place preference test. To determine the mechanisms underlying these changes, monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) level was measured in the nucleus accumbens (NAC). Offspring of morphine-abstinent mothers and offspring of both-abstinent parents were found to consume morphine more than those of other groups, but in the case of methamphetamine, there were no differences. In addition, the offspring of morphine-abstinent parent(s) did not condition with a high dose of morphine in the conditioned place preference test. Administration of methamphetamine induced conditioning at different doses in controls and offspring of one or two morphine-abstinent parent(s), and there were no effects of parental morphine exposure on the dose of methamphetamine that was required for conditioning. Moreover, the level of MAO-B was increased in the NAC of offspring of morphine-abstinent parents as compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that offspring of a morphine-abstinent mother and a drug-naive father and offspring of two morphine-abstinent parents were more susceptible to opioid but not methamphetamine addiction. Moreover, parental morphine consumption did not have any effect on the reinforcing effect of methamphetamine in their offspring but induced morphine tolerance in the offspring. Although the level of MAO-B was elevated in the NAC, this did not correlate with the methamphetamine preference in offspring.

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The core for carbon dioxide capture is the development of green solvents for absorption processes. The current research aims at the CO2 capture process from a gas stream in a micro-contactor using an amino acid-based green technology containing diethanolamine (DEA) and L-arginine (ARG) solutions. The gas-liquid mass transfer performance has been experimentally assessed in terms of CO2 absorption efficiency (%) and volumetric gas-phase mass transfer coefficient (KGaV). The measurements have been carried out under liquid flow rate (QL: 3.0–9.0 ml/min), gas flow rate (QG: 120.0-300.0 ml/min) at a constant temperature of 45°C, and atmospheric pressure. The aqueous composition of the blended solution was DEA ARG (35 0 wt%), DEA ARG (31 4 wt%), DEA ARG (27 8 wt%), and DEA ARG (23 12 wt%). It was found that an increase in the solvent flow rate from 3.0 to 9.0 ml/min enhanced the absorption efficiency, KGaV, and NGaV by 2.5%, 12.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. However, an increase in the gas flow rate from 120.0 to 300.0 ml/min reduced the efficiency by 6% but improved the KGaV and NGaV by 88% and 225%, respectively. Additionally, the KGaV values followed a declining trend as the contribution of the DEA in the blended solution increased. Based on RSM modeling, the correlations for predicting the KGaV and CO2 absorption efficiency into blended DEA-Arg were successfully established versus independent process variables. According to the optimization results, the maximum absorption efficiency and KGaV were attained at 92.93% and 69.40 kmol/m3.h.kPa for QL of 9.0 ml/min, QG of 263.4 ml/min, CDEA−ARG of (23 12 wt%). Comparing the gas-liquid mass transfer characteristics of the blended DEA-ARG with conventional secondary amine, DEA, in the T-shaped micro-contactor illustrated that presence of L-arginine amino acid with high concentrations of 12 wt%, as a promoter for CO2 capture, can boost the performance of CO2 absorption process.

The core for carbon dioxide capture is the development of green solvents for absorption processes.The current research aims at the CO2 capture process from a gas stream in a micro-contactor using an amino acid-based green technology containing diethanolamine (DEA) and L-arginine (ARG) solutions. The gas-liquid mass transfer performance has been experimentally assessed in terms of CO2 absorption efficiency (%) and volumetric gas-phase mass transfer coefficient (KGaV). The measurements have been carried out under liquid flow rate (QL: 3.0-9.0 ml/min), gas flow rate (QG: 120.0-300.0 ml/min) at a constant temperature of 45 °C, and atmospheric pressure. The aqueous composition of the blended solution was DEA ARG (35 0 wt%), DEA ARG (31 4 wt%), DEA ARG (27 8 wt%), and DEA ARG (23 12 wt%). It was found that an increase in the solvent flow rate from 3.0 to 9.0 ml/min enhanced the absorption efficiency, KGaV, and NGaV by 2.5%, 12.8%, and 2.6%, respectively. However, an increase in the gas flow rate from 120.0 to 300.0 ml/min reduced the efficiency by 6% but improved the KGaV and NGaV by 88% and 225%, respectively. Additionally, the KGaV values followed a declining trend as the contribution of the DEA in the blended solution increased. Based on RSM modeling, the correlations for predicting the KGaV and CO2 absorption efficiency into blended DEA-Arg were successfully established