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Cyclic mastalgia is one of the most prevalent disorders among fertile women. To date, hormonal agents, despite their side effects, have been widely used for treatment of this ailment. This study was performed to clarify the therapeutic effects of Vitamin E (Vit E) as a safe treatment for cyclic mastalgia among fertile women. This study was conducted as a double blind clinical trial; 150 women with cyclic mastalgia, referred by three public health centers in Qazvin City in Iran, were enrolled in the trial and randomly divided into two distinct case and control groups; each containing 75 patients. The severity and duration of breast pain were measured according to both the Cardiff Breast Pain Chart and the Visual Analog Scale. Simple, chewable tablets of either Vit E or a placebo were prescribed twice a day for 4 months for case and control participants, respectively. Follow-up was performed at the end of both the second and the fourth months and, at that time, the severity, duration and side effects of intervention were evaluated. The administration of Vit E had significant curative results as tested at both the 2- and 4-month benchmarks. Chi-square testing indicated that after both 2 and 4 months of therapy, the efficacy demonstrated by the Vit E recipient case group was superior to that of the group that received a placebo. Applying the Mc Nemar Test, it also was shown that there was no significant difference in the benefits received between treatment courses of 2 versus 4 months. A 2-month prescription of Vit E has positive therapeutic effects on cyclic mastalgia. Given its lack of significant side effects, Vit E, therefore, can be considered a safe alternative to hormonal therapies currently being used in the treatment of cyclic mastalgia.

Introduction:Patient involvement in safe delivery planning is considered important yet not widely practiced. The present study aimed at identifythe factors that affect patient involvementin safe delivery, as recommended by parturient women.Methods:This study was part of a qualitative research conducted by content analysis method and purposive sampling in 2013. The data were collected through 63 semi-structured interviews in4 hospitalsand analyzed using thematic content analysis. The participants in this research were women before discharge and after delivery. Findings were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method.Results:Four categories of factors that could affect patient involvement in safe delivery emerged from our analysis: patient-related (true and false beliefs, literacy, privacy, respect for patient), illness-related (pain, type of delivery, patient safety incidents), health care professional-relatedand task-related factors (behavior, monitoring &training), health care setting-related (financial aspects, facilities).ConclusionMore research is needed to explore the factors affecting the participation of mothers. It is therefore, recommended to: 1) take notice of mother education, their husbands, midwives and specialists; 2) provide pregnant women with insurance coverage from the outset of pregnancy, especially during prenatal period; 3) form a labor pain committee consisting of midwives, obstetricians, and anesthesiologists in order to identify the preferred painless labor methods based on the existing facilities and conditions, 4) carry out research on observing patients’ privacy and dignity; 5) pay more attention on the factors affecting cesarean.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of cyclic mastalgia and disagreement about its therapeutic methods, there is a lot of ambiguity about breast pain yet. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of individual counseling on the quality of pain in the women with cyclic mastalgia. Methods: This randomized-controlled trial study was conducted in 2017 on eighty eligible women with cyclic mastalgia that had referred to Health Centers in Karaj, Iran. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups; intervention and control. Four individual counseling sessions were held for intervention group. With a special visual analog scale for pain and Cardiff's breast pain chart, cyclic mastalgia was diagnosed. Pain was assessed before and after consultation with McGill pain quality questionnaire. T-test and ANCOVA were used to examine the means of pain quality before and after the intervention. Findings: Demographic results including, marital status, educational level, occupation, spouse's education and the husband's job were not significant. Also, the history of lactation, surgery, breast sampling, benign breast disease, nipple discharge and breast injury were no significant between two groups as the chi-square test. But, after the intervention, the McGill mean score test in all of pain dimensions showed a significant difference between two groups (P= 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that counseling can lead improvement of pain quality indices in affecting women. As the result, counseling can be suggested as a suitable treatment for mild to moderate pain.