Nevertheless, in low-income countries and particularly in SubSaharan Africa, health systems have not been able to popularized AU to benefit from it numerous advantages in materno-foetal and neonatal care. 7 Despite the numerous constraints to the expansion of AU in SubSaharan Africa, it has been demonstrated that an easy access to that technology would reduce the very high morbi-mortality rate. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The goal of our study was to assess the evolution of practice of AU in Cameroon (central Africa) over the past 3 decades. MethodsWe searched for articles in Medline (pubmed) and Google scholar. Only pertinent articles were included in our analysis. Extraction of studies and assessment of their appropriateness were done by the same investigator. Search in Google scholarArticles were retrieved on June 21, 2018 and languages were English and French. The period under srutiny ranged from January 1, 1990 to May 31st 2018. Only studies carried out in Cameroon with AU as primary or secondary theme were selected. Three combination of search terms were used : a. « Ultrasonographie -anténatale -Cameroun »: 10 articles selected out of the 576 found.b. « Echographie -Anténatale -Cameroun »: 11 articles selected out of the 479 found.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality among men worldwide. Obesity increases the prevalence and mortality of multiple cancers. Consequently, the relationship between obesity and cancer is receiving more and more attention.Objective: To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on prostate cancer detection and aggressiveness in Cameroonian population.Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out at the hospitals in Cameroon. The study included Cameroonians who underwent prostate biopsies during a 9-year period, from 2008 to 2016. We analysed the BMI, age, prostate volume, and PSA of patients with prostate cancer in comparison with patients with benign prostate tissue who underwent prostate biopsies. Data entry was performed using CSpro 6.3.2, analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0.Results: A total of 316 patients were included in our study, 158 PCa and 158 BPH. The patients had a mean age ± standard deviation of 67.8 ± 10.32 with a modal class of 61 and 70 years. In our study, the mean age ± SD of the PCa group (71.48 ± 8.96) was significantly greater than that of the BPH group (64.17 ± 10.31) (p<0.001).The PCa group had a mean BMI ± SD of 24.80 ± 4.07 while in the BPH group it was 24.49 ± 3.68, p = 0.472. Amongst the patients with high BMI, 71(52.2%) had prostate cancer while 65 (47.8%) had benign tissue. Amongst the patients with low BMI, 87(48.3%) had prostate cancer while 93 (51.4%) had benign tissue. The odds ratio was 1.168 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.748 to 1.823 (p>0.05). The median total PSA and the median PSA f/t ratio was significantly different in both groups (p<0.001 and p = 0.006). A Gleason score of 7 was the most frequent. Amongst those with a high BMI 77.5% (55) had a high Gleason score, which was significantly higher than the fraction in the low BMI group (60.9%) (53) (P = 0.026). Conclusion:We therefore conclude that BMI is not an independent risk factor for the development of prostate cancer; rather, it is associated with High Gleason PCa.