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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of causes of mortality and morbidity in Moroccan population. The identification of genes implicated in this disease can help to found a specific treatment and to improve the quality of life for type 2 diabetic patients. In this study we analyze the association between a polymorphism (-308G>A) of TNF A promoter gene and T2DM in Moroccan patients. Five hundred and fifty-one individuals (307 patients with T2DM and 244 controls) were genotyped for this polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. This association was further reconsidered by a meta-analysis on 21 studies including 8,187 cases and 7,811 controls. We found that in Moroccan patients the -308A allele is strongly associated with T2DM (p = 0.000002; odds ratio 1.79, 95 % confidence interval 1.41-2.28). Based on our meta-analysis, there was no significant association detected between the TNF A -308G>A polymorphism and risk for T2DM. Our results suggest that the -308G>A polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for the development of T2DM in Moroccan population. On the other hand the meta analysis results led to controversial conclusions in other ethnicities.