Background: Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) is common in obstetrics and management of such patients depends on whether the rupture has occurred or not. With membranes ruptured the fetus is deprived of protection provided within the amniotic cavity. Beta-Human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) is a hormone and is present in high concentration in amniotic fluid as well as in the blood and urine of the mother and is studied as possible predictor of preterm labour and as marker of PROM. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of B-hCG & nitrazine paper test in vaginal washings taking amniotic fluid pooling as gold standard for diagnosing premature rupture of membranes. Material & Methods: It was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Unit Department, of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. After that vaginal washings were taken for β-hCG testing. A pregnancy test kit (Accu Check) was used for detection of β-hCG in vaginal fluid washings. According to amount of µ-hCG in the washings the result has been positive as early as 40 Seconds but for labeling the result negative 5 minutes complete reaction time has been observed. On netrizine kit, the positive test is indicated by distinct colour band on both; control and test side. Results: Mean age of women was 27.17+4.55 years. Mean age of gestation was 36.16 + 3.30 weeks. Sensitivity & specificity of Nitrazine Paper Test were 92.17% & 66.67%. However the PPV & NPV for Nitrazine Paper Test was 98.15% & 30.77% respectively. Sensitivity & specificity of β-hCG Test was 94.35% & 75%. However the PPV & NPV for β-hCG test was 98.64% & 40.91% respectively. Conclusion: Results of this stud y showed that B-subunit of hCG measured by over-the-counter available pregnancy test kit is a dependable quick and easy test for detection of premature rupture of membranes. This test can be performed on the bed side of the patient without Lab involvement. This test can be promoted as an additional help for the diagnosis of doubtful and ambiguous cases of premature rupture of membranes.

Objectives: To establish significance of presence of plasma cells in endometrium and their possible relationship with various underlying morbidities. Study Design: Retrospective Study Methods: A total of 50 diagnosed cases of chronic Endometritis, based on presence of stromal plasma cells were identified and retrospectively, they were evaluated for their main presenting complaints between 2011-2014 in KRL General Hospital, Islamabad. Prevalence and factors of chronic Endometritis were assessed. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Out of 50 patients 30 (60%) cases were associated with Abnormal vaginal bleeding, 8 (16%) with subfertility, 6 (12%) with Abortion and 6(12%) with non-specific cervicitis. Conclusion: Chronic nonspecific endometritis is not uncommon but in fact is under diagnosed condition. It is strongly associated with heavy irregular menstrual bleeding, subfertility and abortions. This important topic is still under research. Further work is needed on diagnosis and definitive treatment of this problem. Key words: Plasma cells, Endometrium, Endometritis, Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Sub-fertility

Aim: To compare the frequency of recurrence of convulsions with Magnesium Sulphate loading dose versus loading dose plus maintenance regimen for management of patients presenting with eclampsia. Methods: In this Randomized Controlled Trial, 240 pregnant female admitted in department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, LGH, Lahore. Half In group A, females were given MgSO4 in a single bolus dose i.e. 4 grams intravenously diluted in 100ml normal saline over 20 minutes and 10grams intramuscularly, while in group B, females were given complete standard regime according to the Pritchard i.e. 14 grams loading dose followed by 5gm intramuscularly every 4 hours on alternate buttock for 24 hours after the last episode of convulsion or delivery of the fetus whichever comes later. Results: In this study recurrence of convulsion was significantly higher in patients who were given MgSO4 loading dose as compared to patients who were given MgSO4 loading + maintenance regimen i.e. Group-A: 15.8% vs. Group-B: 5.8%, (p-value 0.013). The frequency of recurrence of convulsion was significantly higher in women who were given loading dose alone as that of women who were given MgSO4 loading + maintenance regimen but Age, gestational age and parity status of women although did not show any significant association.. Conclusion: Loading dose plus maintenance regimen had low frequency of recurrence convulsion when compared with loading dose of MgSO4 only. Keywords: Eclampsia, loading dose, Recurrence of convulsions, Magnesium Sulphate, Maintenance regimen

Aim: To determine the association between presenting for antenatal check-up Methods: Study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital of Lahore during 15-5-2019 to 15-11-2019 and consented to participate were considered for the study. 35 were with preeclampsia (Cases) and 35 were without (Control). The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 25. For categorical data analysis chi square test was used using p-value ≤0.05. 70 Women of age 18-40years, parity of 20 weeks (on LMP) Results: The study results showed that the mean age of the cases group was 29.54±6.284 years whereas the mean age of control group was 28.83±7.213 years. In the present study among cases the low platelets count was noted in 26(74.3%) patients while among control group the low platelets count was found in 17(48.6%) patients. Odds of developing preeclampsia among patients aged below or equals to 30 years was 3.97 [95% CI: 0.95-16.52] whereas among aged >30, was 3.06 [95% CI: 0.68-13.78]. The odds of developing preeclampsia among low platelet count subjects with normal BMI was 3.50 [95% CI; 0.69-17.71] Conclusion: Low platelets count was associated with preeclampsia. It was found that pregnant females with low platelet count has significantly greater odds of developing preeclampsia as compared to normal platelets count females presenting during third trimester of pregnancy. Keywords: Pregnant Female, Low platelet count, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Case Control Study